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CBSE 12th exams are going on and your Geography Paper is on 29th March 2024. You have only a few day left for the Geography exam.
Therefore, we have introduced students to the best last minute revision tool – Most Important Question with Answers for Last-Minute Revision!
In this article, we will provide valuable tips and present short and long answer type questions to aid students in their final revision for the upcoming CBSE 12th Geography Exam. This contains important questions with solutions which will be the best resource for quick and effective revision at first.
In this, every important question has been sorted and collected, which is very important for your paper, so that the student can score good marks in less time. Answers to all the questions are given together. We have mentioned all the authentic sources to get the most important questions from each chapter.
CBSE 12th Geography Exam 2024 Short & Long Answer Type Questions
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. As a field of study what would you include in the extensive reach of geography?
Ans. Geography as a filed of study is integrative, empirical and practical
Q.2. What could be diagnosed by understanding the secrets of DNA and genetics?
Ans. Diseases.
Q.3. When does the physical environment for societies becomes the ‘Mother Nature’.
Ans. When there is direct dependence of human beings on nature for recourses.
Q.4.Which school of thought employed the Marxian theory?
Ans. Radical school of thought.
Q.5.In demography which gender is considered to be the builder of a nations pillars deep and lift it to the sky.
Ans. Women
Q.6. What does help us to understand the demographic characteristics of any area?
Ans. Patterns of population distribution and density.
Q.7.What sort of correlation in there in between economic development and population growth?
Ans. Negative correlation.
Q.8. The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during summers and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as by what term?
Ans. Trans humance.
Q.9. In which agriculture single crop specialization is one of the features?
Ans. Plantation agriculture.
Q.10. In the former Soviet Union to improve upon the inefficiency of the previous methods of agriculture and to boost agricultural production for self-sufficiency what type of collective farming was introduced?
Ans. Kolkhoz.
Q -11 Which is the most important industrial complex of Europe?
Ans. Rhine valley region is the most important industrial complex of Europe.
Q-12 Give two example each of basic & consumer goods industries.
Ans. A. (i) Basic industries – Iron and steel and machine tools
B. (ii) Consumer industries –Soap and tea.
Q-13 What is meant by petrochemical industries ?
Ans. Petrol chemical industries are based on coal, natural gas and petroleum.
Q-14 What is quaternary services?
Ans. Quaternary activities involve some of the following: the collection, production dissemination of information or even the production of information.
Q-15 What is a techno pole?
Ans. A techno pole is a concentrated place of modern industries and production which is based on industrial planning.
Q-16 What is a trans-continental railways ?
Ans. Transcontinental railways run across the continent and link its two ends. i.e Trans Saibarian Railway.
Q-17 Which is an important inland waterway in north America ? Write two main features of this inland waterway .
Ans. The great lakes –St. lawrance waterways is an important inland waterway in North America.
Q-18 What is internet ?
Ans. Internet is the world wide web means the electronic digital word for communicating or accessing information over computer networks without physical movement of the sender and the receiver.
Q-19 Write the main components of international trade?
Ans. The main components are (i) Volume of trade (ii) Composition of trade (iii) Direction of trade.
Q-20 What is it detrimental for a nation to have negative balance of payments?
Ans. A negative trade balance of payments means a country is not in a position to invest more on imports resultant it is gradually indebted.
Q-21What is natural growth of population?
Ans. Natural growth is the difference between birth rate and death rate per 1000 persons.
Q-22 Which state has the highest proportion of urban population in India.?
Ans- Maharashtra
Q-23 Which is principal cause of female migration in India?
Ans- Marriage
Q-24 Which is the most significance aspect of human development?
Ans– Enlarging the range of people’s choice is the most significant aspect of human development.
Q.25 Which state has the lowest female literacy in India?
Ans. Bihar
Q. 26. What is the concept of development?
Ans. Development means a qualitative change which is always value positive.
Q.27. Explain the abbreviation P.P.P. and what does it really mean.
Ans. Purchasing Power Parity/ Access to resources.
Q.28. What is common achievement in the countries with higher human development?
Ans. A lot of investment in the social sector.
Q29- How much is the contribution of agriculture in the net national product?
Ans: 25 per cent.
Q-30 Name three main functions of agriculture.
Ans: Providing food, raw material for industries and earning foreign exchange.
Q-31 What are the four elements of Green Revolution or the package technology?
Ans: Irrigation, chemical fertilizers, high-yielding varieties of seeds and Mechanization.
Q-32 What is the solution of agriculture crops problem?
Ans: Ensured irrigation facilities and payment of proper price to farmers.
Q-33 Name four coarse grains.
Ans: Jowar-bajra, maize, barley,ragi, etc.
Q-34 Name two beverages and two fiber crops of India?
Ans: beverages-Tea and coffee; fiber crops- Cotton and jute.
Q.35 What is the available water capacity of groundwater?
Ans: 433.9 billion cubic.
Q36 How much was the average annual availability of water per capita in India in 2001?
Ans: 1829 cubic.
Q37 How much area of India was irrigated at the time of independence?
Ans: 2.26crore hectares.
Q38 How much was the irrigated are by the end of tenth five year plan?
Ans: 9.88crore hectares.
Q39 Which state/areas have the highest intensity of irrigation?
Ans: Kashmir valley, Western uttar Pradesh, Punjab, haryana, north Bihar, delta regions of Krishna and kaveri rivers and north-eastern Assam.
Q40 Name three measure of water conservation.
Ans: Dams on rivers, recycling of polluted water, selected crops, efficient irrigation methods, use of pipe for irrigation, river basin transfer of water, harvesting rainwater.
Q.41 Name the three principal mineral belts of India.
Ans: North-Eastern Plateau, South-Western and North-Western Region.
Q 42. Name tree mines of iron ore belt of Jharkhand -Orissa.
Ans: Gurumahisni, Badam Pahar and Baragamada .
Q.43 Which state has the largest reserves of manganese?
Ans: Orissa.
Q.44 When planning commission was organized in India?
Ans. In the Year 1950.
Q.45 In which year agriculture climate planning was started in India?
Ans. In the year 1988
Q.46. Which major seaport on the eastern coast of India has a landlocked harbour?
Ans: Vishakhapatnam is a major seaport on the eastern coast of India which has a landlocked harbour.
Q.47. Name the two Countries which are the largest trading partners of India as per the economic survey report of 2011-12. (All India 2016)
Ans. UAE and China are the largest trading partners of India as per the economic survey report of 2011-12.
Q.48.Give the meaning of the term ‘hinterland’. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:Hinterland is the area which he behind the seaport and serves the seaport through a free form.
Q.49. Name the major seaport located on Hugli river. (All India 2013)
Ans. Kolkata port is located on the Hugli river.
Q.50. Which is the principle import commodity of India? (Delhi 2010)
Ans. Crude petroleum and petroleum products are principle import commodities of India.
Short Answer Questions
Q.1 In analytical terms what does basically human geography study?
Ans. Human geography studies, “the relationship between the physical/natural and the human worlds, the spatial distribution of human phenomena and how they come about. The social and economic differences between different parts of the world”.
Q.2 Do you find any dichotomy in between physical geography and the geography?
Ans. During intellectual exercises it is interpreted the basically that the dichotomy between physical and returned is not valid, because nature and human are inseparable elements and should be seen holistically. It is interesting to note the both physical and human phenomena are described in metaphors. (In order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful).
Q.3 Analyze the term ‘Neo-determinism’ or ‘Stop’ and ‘go’ determinism.
Ans. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity more in there a condition of absolute freedom. Human being can conquer nature by obeying it. Men can proceed is their pursuits of development when nature permits the modifications. possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and there is no free run without happenings. Neodeterminism nullifies the either-or dichotomy.
Q.4 What phenomenal set the stage for the rapid growth of population in the world?
Ans. The expanding world trade during the sixteenth and seventeenth century, set the stage for industrial Revolution the world population exploded Technological advancement achieved so far helped in the reduction of birth rate and provided a stage for accelerated population growth.
Q.5 On account of what reasons the population growth rate has slowed down in Africa and the commonwealth of Independent states (CIS) and Asia.
Ans. The deadly HIV/AIDS epidemics has pushed up death rates and have reduced average life expectancy in these countries.
Q.6 On what behalf the medium Index Value countries have been rapidly improving their human development scores?
Ans. By adopting more people oriented policies and reducing social investment. Most of these countries have a much higher social diversity than the countries with higher human development scores.
Q.7 Why has Gathering little chance of becoming important at the global level?
Ans. Products of gathering cannot compete in the world market moreover, synthetic products often of better quality and at lower prices, have replaced many items supplied by the gatherers in the world.
Q.8 What are the scientific basis of rearing in ranches?
Ans. The main emphasis is on breeding, genetic improvement, disease control and health care of the animals.
Q.9 Maintenance of soil fertility is an important feature in mixed farming discuss.
Ans. This form of agriculture is found in the highly developed parts of the world and equal emphasis is laid on crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Since this farming is characterized by high capital expenditure on farm machinery and building and extensive use of chemical fertilizer and green manures and also by the skill of farmers for crop rotation and inter cropping play an important of maintaining soil fertility.
Q.10 Why do in the developed economies are retreating from mining?
Ans. In the developed economics of the world countries, the processing and refining stages of production due to high labour costs and striving for higher standard of living are becoming more important therefore a recession trend of mining is found.
Q-11 Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry ?
Ans. The iron and steel industry forms the base of all other industries and there fore ,it is called basic industry. It is basic because it provides row material for other industries such as machine tools used for further production .
Q-12 Why are developing countries less industrialised ?
Ans. Manufacturing industries need more capital and the products in such industries require huge markets for the consumption of their products. In developing countries the scarcity of capital some where reduces the demand and purchasing power of people .Hence we find less industrial progress in developing countries.
Q-13 Distinguish between public sector and private sector industries.
Ans. Public sector industries: –
(I) Public sector industries are owned either by govt. or govt. undertaking.
(II) The production and trade are controlled by govt.
(III) Govt. invests capital in these industries and these are large scale industries i.e. Bhilai iron and steel plant.
Private sector industries: –
(i) These industries are owned either by a person or persons or by a company .
(ii) The concerned person or company holds the control of the industry.
(iii) These industries invest personal capital and these are all type small and medium to big industries.,i.e. Tata ,Bata etc.
Q-14 What are the major components of services?
Ans. Major components of services may be grouped as follows: –
(i) business services including advertising, legal services ,public relations and consultancies
(ii) Finance ,insurance and real estate including saving and banking services.
(iii) Wholesale and retail trading linking the producers with consumers.
Personal services such as maintenance services, beauticians and repair works.
(iv) Transport and communication including post and telegraph services.
(v) Entertainment including T.V.,Radio, Films and publishing.
(vi) Govt,services including bureaucrats ,police ,army.
(vii) Non.Govt. agencies setup for charity, education, health care rural development etc.
Q-15 How do the tertiary occupation helpful in the economic development of a country ? Explain with suitable example .
Ans – In service sector the gross and retail sale is included and it includes mean of transportation which joins the producers and the consumers.
– These occupations are helpful for To and For supply of raw material and manufacture goods for the factories.
– Health welfare, education, amusement and commercial services are helpful in the economic development of the nation.
– These occupations have increase employment opportunities.
– Service sectors is considered as the last stage of the development.
Q.16- Air transport becoming more popular in the world day by day in spite of its high cost, Why ?
Ans – The air transport becoming more popular in the world day by day in spite its highest cost because of the following reasons –
– This is the outstanding means of transport for long distances & a time saver
– Airplanes take off as per their scheduled time table.
– Costly and perishable goods can be sent to the destination within no time.
– It is very well accessible to undulating areas, marshy land and forested areas.
Q-17 Distinguish between transport and communication.
Ans – Transport – The transport of men and goods from one place to another.
Ex: Railway, air routes, waterways.
Primitive method – Bullock-cart etc.… They move by petrol, diesel or electric power.
Communication – They convey our views and news from one place to another.
Examples – Post and telegraph and telephone services. No primitive method – Means of transport were the means of communication.
– They work by electric waves.
Q-18 Distinguish between favorable balance of trade and unfavorable balance of trade.
Ans – Favorable balance of trade –
– When, in any of the country value of exports is more comparing the imports it is known as favorable balance of trade.
– This sort of trade is known as positive trade balance.
Unfavorable Balance of trade – When in any of the country imports are more comparing their exports then it is said to be unfavorable balance of trade This type of balance of trade is also known as negative trade balance.
Q.19 State the four phases into which Indian demographic history is divided.
Ans. The Indian demographic history is divided into the following four phases:
1. Period of stagnant growth rate (before 1921)
2. Period of steady growth rate. (1921 – 1951)
3. Period of rapid growth rate. (1951 – 1981)
4. Period of declining growth rate (after 1981).
Q.20 Explain the causes of concentration of dense population in the Satluj-Ganga plains.
Ans. The cluster of Satluj-Ganga plains include plains of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, adjoining districts of Haryana, Punjab and Delhi. Here the density varies between 400 and 700 persons per sq. km. it is predominantly a rural tract except eastern and western extremities where urban and industrial development in and around Kolkata and Delhi have crated huge concentration of population. Agriculture is well developed in the upper Ganga and Satluj plains. This is the traditional agricultural belt where density of population is always high. The industrial and urban development in the post-independent period, has superimposed extremely high densities in these plains.
Q.21. Describe the distribution of tea and Coffee in India.
Ans. India produced 8.5 lakh tones tea in 2003-04.
Distribution: Assam is the chief producer of tea. In West Bengal it is grown in Jalpaigudi, Darjeeling and Cooch Bihar districts. Himachal Pradesh is another area. In south it is grown in the Nilgiri hills and the slopes of Western Ghats. These areas lie in Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Kerala.
Coffee:- Coffee is produced in karanataka. Karanataka is leading producer. This state produces 64% of the total coffee grown in India. Kerala is the second important producer. Tamil Nadu is the third important producer.
Q22. Why is agricultural productivity still low in India? Write three main reasons.
Ans. The agricultural productivity is still low in India. The reasons are as under:
1. Inadequate irrigation facilities: Agriculture in India depends on monsoonal rainfall. But to uncertain and variable rainfall irrigation is necessary. In our country, only 22%cultivated land is irrigated, whereas it is necessary to irrigate at least 50% of the cultivated land to make it success.
2. Loss of fertility: due to continuous agriculture over a long period, the fertility of soil is declining. That is why the productivity is low.
3. Poor technique of production: The India farmers have been using old and inefficient methods due to which there is low productivity. Use of better quality seeds and pesticides can increase the productivity.
4. Lack of mechanized farming: In our country agriculture is mostly intensive. Human labour is used to get maximum output. Use of modern machines is limited due to low purchasing power.
Q23. What factors are responsible for highest groundwater development in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Tamil Nadu?
Ans. The ground water utilization is very high in the states of Punjab, Haryana and Tamil Nadu. These states are advanced agricultural states. Water is used mainly in irrigation. The share of Agriculture sector in total water utilization is much higher than other sectors.
Q24. What is rain water harvesting?
Ans. Rain water harvesting is a technique of increasing the recharge of ground water by capturing water reservoir to meet the demand of water for domestic purpose. The main objectives of rain water harvesting are:
1. To meet the ever-increasing demand of water.
2. To reduce the run off which chokes drains.
3. To avoid flooding of roads.
4. To augment the ground water storage and raise the water table.
5. To reduce the underground water pollution.
6. To improve the quality of ground water.
Water is vital resource for the development of economic activities. Water should be conserved in the following ways:
1. Water of oceans, rivers and lakes should not be polluted.
2. It should be saved from urban waste and chemicals of industries.
3. It should be saved from urban waste and chemicals of industries.
4. It should be recycled to use it again.
5. Dams should be built across the rivers and lakes to store water in reservoirs.
Q25. What is watershed management? Do you think it can play an important role in sustainable development?
Ans. Watershed management refers to efficient management refers to efficient management sand conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It is correct that it will play and important role in sustainable development.
1. It involves prevention of run off and storage and recharge of groundwater.
2. Watershed management includes conservation and judicious use of all resources.
3. It aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society.
4. Watershed development projects in some areas have been successful in rejuvenation environment and economy.
Q26. Discuss the availability of water resource in the country and factor that determine its spatial distribution
Ans: –The factor which determine the spatial distribution are:-
1) Surface water resource: -There are four major source of surface water such as river, lakes, ponds and tanks. The mean animal flow in all rivers basis in India is estimated to be 1869 cubickm. Only 690 km of available surface water can be utilized.
2) Ground water resource: -The total replenishes able ground water resource in the country are about 432 cubic km Ganga and Brahmaputra have about 46%. of the total replenish able water in India.
3) Lagoons: – The state like Kerala, Orissa and West Bengal has surface water resources in the lagoons and lakes.
Q27. It is said that the water resources in India have been depleting very fast. Discuss the factors responsible for depletion of water resources.
Ans. The factors responsible for the depletion of water in India are as follows:
1. Industrial effluents
2. Agricultural effluents
3. Domestic effluents
Q28. What are the non-conventional sources of energy?
Ans. Non-conventional sources of energy are:
1. Solar energy
2. Biogas
3. Biomass
4. Wind energy
5. Energy from urban and industrial wastes.
Q29. Give an account of the distribution of mica in India.
Ans. India has monopoly in production of mica producing about 60% of the world’s total production. About 95% of India’s mica is found in just three states of Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Jharkhand: Jharkhand has richest belt and accounts for 60% of India’s production in terms of value. Mica is found in a belt extending about 150km in length and 32 km in width from Gaya to hazaribagh and Kodarma. Kodarma is a well-known place for mica production in Jharkhand.
Andhar Pradesh: This is second largest producer and accounts for 25% of India’s mica. The areas are in Nellore district. It is 97 km. long and 30km. wide.
Rajasthan: The mica belt extends from Jaipur to Udaipur. This is 322km long with an average width of 96cm. The major mica producers are Bhilwara, Jaipur, Tonk, Sikar, Dungarpur and Ajmer.
Q30. What is nuclear power? Mention the important nuclear power stations in Indian.
Ans. The power obtained by splitting stoms called nuclear power. India has six nuclear power stations. Among the important stations are as follows:
1. Tarapur (Maharashtra)
2. Kota (Rajastahan)
3. Kalpakkam(Tamil Nadu)
4. Narora(Uttar Prades)
Q31. Discuss their spatial distribution.
Ans. Non-ferrous metals are as under:
1. Bauxite: It is used in manufacturing of aluminum. Bauxite is found mainly in tertiary rocks. It is mainly found in Orissa and Jharkhand.
(i) It is largest producing states. Kalahandi, Sambalpur are the leading producers. Other areas are Bolangir and Koraput.
(ii) Jharkhand: It has rice deposits in Lohardarga. Other states are : Gujarat, Chhattisgarth, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
2. Copper: It is used in electrical and electronic industries for making wires, motors transformers etc. It is found in Sighbhum (Jharkhand), Balaghat (M.P.).and Jhujhunu and Alwar(Rajasthan). Other areas are in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataks and Tamil Ndu.
3. Mica: It is used in electrical and electronic industries. It is found in Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan followed by Tamil Nadu, west Bengal and Madhya Pradesh.
Q32. Writer uses of the following minerals : Chromite, Zinc, copper, dolomite and limestone, coal.
Ans. Chromite: Chromite is used in metallurgical refractory and chemical industry. It is mixed with iron to make it corrosion resistant. It is also used in making gun plates in chemical industry.
Zinc: Zinc is used in tyre industry. It is also used in dye casting, dry batteries, textile etc.
Copper: Copper is extensively used in making electrical wires, equipment’s and utensils. Dolomite: It is used in the steel plants. Limestone: It is chiefly used in cement industry (87%)iron and steel industry (6%) and chemical industry (3%). It is also used in sugar, paper, fertilizer, aluminum industries and construction of houses and bridges.
Coal: It is used as raw material in many industries. It is the source of power. It is used in power generation.
Q-33 What suggestions given by national for committee development of hilly regions?
Ans 1) Instead of influence person all are to be benefited.
2) Development of local resources and talents.
3) The sustainable economical are to be more investment oriented.
4) To avoid exploitation of backwards areas in intra-regional trade.
5) To improve marketing system of backward areas for the benefit of labor force.
6) To maintain ecological balance.
Q-34 What programmes started for development hilly areas?
Ans 1) Development of gardening
2) Plantation agriculture
3) Animal rearing 4) Poultry
5) Forestry
6) Development of small scales Industry
Q-35 Write the location of Bharmar region?
Ans 1) Bharmar region lies between 320 11’ and 320 41’N latitude and 760 22’E and 760 53’E longitudes spread over mostly lies between 1,818 Sq. Km.
Q-36 What type of climate found in Bharmaur region?
Ans – Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions. Bharmaur experiences freezing weather conditions and snowfall in winter. It means monthly temperature in January remains 40 C and in July 260 C.
Q-37 Which are droughts prone areas in India?
Ans- Rajasthan, Gujarat, western Madhya Pradesh Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Royal Seema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Plateau and highland and interior parts of Tamilnadu etc…
Q-38 Which programes are given in priority for development of Bharmaur Region?
Ans – This plan arid the highest priority on development of
1. Transport
2. Communication
3. Agriculture allied activities 4. Social Community Services etc…
Q.39 Why is the male migration higher from rural to urban?
Ans. Men migrate from rural areas to urban areas in search of work and employment. The push factors compel men to migrate.
Q.40 Differentiate between life-time migrants and migrants by last residence.
Ans. The life time migrant and migrant by last residence are differentiated on the bases of birth place and place of residence:
1. If the place of birth is different from the place of enumeration it is called the lifetime migrant.
2. if the place of last residence is different from the place of enumeration it is known as migrant by place of last residence.
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