Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Invented names: On India’s response to China’s fresh attempt to lay claim over parts of Arunachal Pradesh

Invented names: On India’s response to China’s fresh attempt to lay claim over parts of Arunachal Pradesh

China’s latest ‘renaming’ of areas in Arunachal is a new low in ties with India

India has summarily (संक्षिप्त रूप में, तुरंत) rejected China’s attempt to lay claim over areas of Arunachal Pradesh after it issued new official names for them. In a fresh attempt on Sunday, the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs said it would “standardise (मानकीकरण, व्यवस्थित करना)” 11 place names in what China calls “South Tibet or Zangnan”, an area consistently (लगातार, हमेशा) controlled by India. The names, in Mandarin, Tibetan and Pinyin (English transliteration), with latitude (अक्षांश) and longitude (देशांतर) markings that pertain (से संबंध रखना) to points in Arunachal, including one close to capital Itanagar, leave little doubt that (to make people sure/certain about something) China’s list, the third such since 2017, is a deliberate affront (अपमान, निरादर) to India’s territorial sovereignty (संप्रभुता). The Ministry of External Affairs statement, that “invented (आविष्कृत, आविष्कार) names” will not alter the reality that Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of India, mirrors (imitate, copy, reproduce, mimic, echo) what India had said in 2021 when China “renamed” 15 places; in 2017, there were six names. It would be a mistake, given (दिया गया) the timing, to assume that the Chinese decision is a repetition of its previous attempts. The move (कदम, उपाय) in 2017 was seen as retaliation (प्रतिशोध, बदला) after the Dalai Lama’s visit to Tawang. In 2021, the move followed China’s new “Land and State Border Law”, that virtually (वास्तव में, दर असल) authorised the government to reclaim territories claimed by China, and was seen as a way to reassert (साबित करना) its claim over the State as a whole (all in all, all together, in its entirety, completely, entirely, fully, in general).

There could be many factors behind the latest move: China’s reaction after the Indian Army rebuffed (reject, refuse, decline, ignore, turn down, dismiss, brush off) a PLA attempt to take over a post at Yangtse in the Tawang sector of the Line of Actual Control (LAC) (वास्तविक नियंत्रण रेखा) in December 2022, an angry response to New Delhi’s decision to hold (arrange, organize, convene (a meeting)) a G-20 (The G20, formed in 1999, is a group of twenty of the world’s largest economies that meets regularly to coordinate global policy on trade, health, climate, and other issues. It brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies. The G20 comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK and USA. The G20 Countries together represent around 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two thirds of the world’s population) engagement group meeting on Innovation technology in Itanagar which the Chinese embassy (An embassy is larger and more important than a consulate and is described as a permanent diplomatic mission, which is generally located in a country’s capital city. An embassy is responsible for representing the home country, for handling major diplomatic issues (such as negotiations), and for preserving the rights of its citizens abroad) had boycotted, or an indication of more serious designs ahead. Above all (most importantly, beyond everything, first of all, most of all, primarily), it reflects (indicate, display, show, demonstrate) the nadir (the lowest point, the all-time low, the bottom) in ties and the lack of (absence, non-existence, unavailability) meaningful dialogue (discussions, talks, negotiations, consultation, deliberation) for three years since the amassing (accumulate, collect, gather) of Chinese troops at the LAC in 2020 and transgressions (infringement, contravention, breach, violation, overstepping) that have led to scuffles (tussle, fight, skirmish, clash, quarrel, squabble, contention), including the deadly encounter (conflict, confrontation, fight/clash) at Galwan. While many rounds of talks have ensued (occur, happen, take place, develop, come after (as a result of something)), and there has been disengagement (withdrawal, departure, retreat (of military troops from an area of conflict)) at some standoff (deadlock, stalemate, impasse (in a dispute/conflict)) points, political relations have not been resumed (restart, start again, recommence, take up again, renew), although there have been some meetings between Foreign and Defence Ministers, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke briefly (for a very short period of time; quickly, shortly) with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G-20 summit (meeting, conference, conclave (between heads of government)) in Indonesia last year. It is necessary, in light of China’s latest act of belligerence (hostility, aggression, combativeness, warmongering, hawkishness), that the government shows more clarity on the nature of its conversations thus far (until now, up to this point, up to the present, to date). Until the government probes the reasons behind China’s moves and the motivation for its persistent (continuous, constant, non-stop, unending, unceasing) aggressions, it will be hard to prepare for a future course of action, even as it counters (combat, confront, stand up to, oppose, resist, rebuff, rebut, repel) China’s false narrative and a renaming of areas that are firmly (without doubt; definitely) within India’s boundaries.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.invented (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - आविष्कृत, आविष्कार
English Meaning - fabricated, devised, manufactured, concocted.

2.summarily (adverb)

Hindi Meaning - संक्षिप्त रूप में, तुरंत
English Meaning - immediately, instantly, straight away.

3.standardise (verb)

Hindi Meaning - मानकीकरण, व्यवस्थित करना
English Meaning - systematize, regulate.

4.consistently (verb)

Hindi Meaning - लगातार, हमेशा
English Meaning - always, generally, constantly, continually.

5.latitude (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अक्षांश
English Meaning - a measurement of distance, given in degrees north or south from the equator. Sentences: The North Pole is at 90°N (90 degrees North) latitude. We use the lines of latitude on the map to see how far north or south a place is from the equator.

6.longitude (noun)

Hindi Meaning - देशांतर
English Meaning - a measurement of distance, given in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. The prime meridian is at 0° (0 degrees) longitude.

7.pertain (verb)

Hindi Meaning - से संबंध रखना
English Meaning - concern, relate to, be connected with, be relevant to.

8.affront (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अपमान, निरादर
English Meaning - offence, violation, provocation, outrage insult.

9.sovereignty (noun)

Hindi Meaning - संप्रभुता
English Meaning - a country’s independent authority and the right to govern itself.

10.given (preposition)

Hindi Meaning - दिया गया
English Meaning - considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.

11.move (noun)

Hindi Meaning - कदम, उपाय
English Meaning - action, act, measure, step.

12.retaliation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - प्रतिशोध, बदला
English Meaning - counterattack; vengeance, revenge/retribution.

13.virtually (adverb)

Hindi Meaning - वास्तव में, दर असल
English Meaning - practically, effectively, in effect, actually, in reality.

14.reassert (verb)

Hindi Meaning - साबित करना
English Meaning - confirm again, reaffirm.

15.Line of Actual Control (LAC) (noun)

Hindi Meaning - वास्तविक नियंत्रण रेखा
English Meaning - the de-facto (effective) border between India and China. The LAC is a 4,057-km border running through three areas-Western (Ladakh, Ladakh (Kashmir)), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal).

16.civil affairs (plural noun)

English Meaning - activities, matters and operations of the civil (non-military) population of a territory.

17.lay claim to/over (phrase)

English Meaning - say officially that something is belonging to you.

18.ties (noun)

English Meaning - association, relationship, bond, connection.

19.transliteration (noun)

English Meaning - conversion of a word’s alphabet (a set of letters) from one language to another language to pronounce that word as in the source language. Transliteration is different from translation and it will not provide meaning for the word (like names of people or places).

20.leave little doubt that (phrase)

English Meaning - to make people sure/certain about something.

21.deliberate (adjective)

English Meaning - intentional, calculated, conscious, done on purpose, knowing, wanton, purposeful, premeditated, pre-planned, prearranged, preconceived, predetermined.

22.mirror (verb)

English Meaning - imitate, copy, reproduce, mimic, echo.

23.China’s Land and State Border Law (noun)

English Meaning - it lays down provisions for border protection and integration of border areas. On October 23, 2023, China adopted a land border law, which has taken effect on January 1, 2022; it has 62 articles and seven chapters.

24.as a whole (phrase)

English Meaning - all in all, all together, in its entirety, completely, entirely, fully, in general.

25.rebuff (verb)

English Meaning - reject, refuse, decline, ignore, turn down, dismiss, brush off.

26.People’s Liberation Army (PLA) (noun)

English Meaning - People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the country of China and the Communist Party of China (CPC). It is one of the largest military forces in the world.

27.given (preposition)

English Meaning - considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.

28.hold (verb)

English Meaning - arrange, organize, convene (a meeting).

29.G-20 (noun)

English Meaning - The G20, formed in 1999, is a group of twenty of the world’s largest economies that meets regularly to coordinate global policy on trade, health, climate, and other issues. It brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies. The G20 comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK and USA. The G20 Countries together represent around 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two thirds of the world’s population.

30.G-20 engagement group (noun)

English Meaning - Engagement Groups, comprising non-government participants from each G20 member, provide recommendations to the G20 Leaders and contribute towards the policy-making process.

31.embassy (noun)

English Meaning - An embassy is larger and more important than a consulate and is described as a permanent diplomatic mission, which is generally located in a country’s capital city. An embassy is responsible for representing the home country, for handling major diplomatic issues (such as negotiations), and for preserving the rights of its citizens abroad.

32.boycott (verb)

English Meaning - reject, avoid, shun, abstain from, stay away from.

33.above all (phrase)

English Meaning - most importantly, beyond everything, first of all, most of all, primarily.

34.reflect (verb)

English Meaning - indicate, display, show, demonstrate.

35.nadir (noun)

English Meaning - the lowest point, the all-time low, the bottom.

36.lack of (noun)

English Meaning - absence, non-existence, unavailability.

37.dialogue (noun)

English Meaning - discussions, talks, negotiations, consultation, deliberation.

38.amass (verb)

English Meaning - accumulate, collect, gather.

39.transgression (noun)

English Meaning - infringement, contravention, breach, violation, overstepping.

40.led to past participle of lead to (verb)

English Meaning - result in, cause, bring on, bring about, give rise to.

41.scuffle (noun)

English Meaning - tussle, fight, skirmish, clash, quarrel, squabble, contention.

42.encounter (noun)

English Meaning - conflict, confrontation, fight/clash.

43.ensue (verb)

English Meaning - occur, happen, take place, develop, come after (as a result of something).

44.disengagement (noun)

English Meaning - withdrawal, departure, retreat (of military troops from an area of conflict).

45.standoff (noun)

English Meaning - deadlock, stalemate, impasse (in a dispute/conflict).

46.resume (verb)

English Meaning - restart, start again, recommence, take up again, renew.

47.briefly (adverb)

English Meaning - for a very short period of time; quickly, shortly.

48.summit (noun)

English Meaning - meeting, conference, conclave (between heads of government).

49.in light of (phrase)

English Meaning - taking into consideration, considering, taking into account, bearing in mind, keeping in mind, taking note of, in view of

50.belligerence (noun)

English Meaning - hostility, aggression, combativeness, warmongering, hawkishness.

51.thus far (phrase)

English Meaning - until now, up to this point, up to the present, to date.

52.persistent (adjective)

English Meaning - continuous, constant, non-stop, unending, unceasing.

53.Line of Actual Control (LAC) (noun)

English Meaning - the de-facto (effective) border between India and China. The LAC is a 4,057-km border running through three areas-Western (Ladakh, Ladakh (Kashmir)), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal).

54.course of action (phrase)

English Meaning - plan, plan of action, move, stratagem.

55.counter (verb)

English Meaning - combat, confront, stand up to, oppose, resist, rebuff, rebut, repel.

56.narrative (noun)

English Meaning - a representation of a particular situation; portrayal, account, description, statement.

57.firmly (adverb)

English Meaning - without doubt; definitely.