Hindi English Translation || Editorial || No room for complacency: On tackling Omicron

No room for complacency: On tackling Omicron

Omicron’s mild nature is more due to (के कारण, की वजह से) the protection offered by vaccines (टीका)

India recorded its first death caused by Omicron in a fully vaccinated person in Rajasthan on the last day of 2021. The 73-year-old man, with co-morbidities (सहरुग्णता), had tested positive on December 15. Preliminary evidence from South Africa and the U.K. suggests that unlike (से भिन्न, के विपरीत) the Delta variant (प्रकार, असंगति), a majority of people with Omicron, particularly in the fully vaccinated, exhibit (प्रदर्शन, दिखाएँ, प्रदर्शित करें) only mild disease; hospitalisation (अस्पताल में भर्ती) is relatively (अपेक्षाकृत, तुलनात्मक रूप से) less among the vaccinated (the people who are vaccinated). A huge percentage of the population in India was infected when the Delta variant (Formally known as AY.2 or B.1.617.2, it’s a variant of the coronavirus, first identified in India, is renamed as the ‘Delta variant’ by the World Health Organization (WHO) and this variant is reclassified as Variant of Concern (VOC). The B.1.617.1 strain has been reclassified to a Variant of Interest (VOI) and labelled variant “Kappa”) raged last year. Studies from other countries have shown that such people might enjoy the same level or even better protection from severe disease than fully vaccinated people. Hybrid immunity (रोग प्रतिरोधक शक्ति) achieved through full vaccination in people who have been previously infected offers the highest level of protection against severe disease, as several studies outside India show. With vaccination picking up (increase, improve, get stronger/better) speed after the second wave peaked in India, a significant percentage of the fully vaccinated might possess hybrid immunity (natural immunity from an infection combined with the immunity provided by the vaccine. The hybrid immunity offers stronger protection than just infection or full vaccination alone). Even a single dose (खुराक, मात्रा) of an mRNA vaccine (The vaccine is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, which stands for “messenger ribonucleic acid”. Messenger RNA is essentially the blueprint that living cells use to turn gene sequences into the proteins that form their fundamental structures. Once injected, the mRNA in the vaccine is translated into a viral protein, which our immune systems detect. The body generates an immune response in reaction to these viral proteins, which can’t by themselves cause disease, and this provides protection against developing Covid-19) in previously infected people has been found to induce (प्रेरित करना, कारण, उत्पादन) a high level of hybrid immunity. If vaccination coverage with at least a single dose has already crossed 90% in those above 18 years, the rollout of vaccines for adolescents (किशोर, युवा) will widen (increase, enlarge, expand) the protective net. But immaterial (irrelevant, unimportant, inconsequential, insignificant, not germane) of the protection conferred (give to, present with, grant to, vest in), it is too early to draw (reach, deduce, infer, conclude, derive) any conclusions about Omicron’s virulence. For instance (as an example), in the U.S., the first Omicron-related death was in an unvaccinated (inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease)) person who was previously infected. The time lag between infection and hospitalisation should be another reason why it is too early to pronounce (say, express, utter; announce) any verdict on the virulence (a measure of the severity or dangerousness of a disease caused by the relative ability of a infectious microorganism) of the variant in India. Vulnerable populations run a risk (do something that may cause something unpleasant/bad) of suffering from severe disease despite their vaccination status.

The unprecedented (not done or experienced before) speed at which Omicron is spreading in countries that have high levels of testing, the number of people a single infected person can spread the virus to, and a doubling time of less than three days are a loud (strong, powerful, forceful) warning that things can go out of control (go uncontrollable, go unmanageable, go ungovernable, become wild, become reckless) soon. Mild symptoms notwithstanding (although, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, even though), its higher transmissibility (probability of infection given contact between a susceptible and infected individual) can pose (constitute, present, create, cause (a problem or danger or risk)) a severe threat to health-care settings as a high number of infections within a short time could lead to (result in, cause, bring on) more people needing hospital care. Overwhelmed (overloaded, beset, overburdened; swamped, engulfed, flooded, inundated) hospitals can make it harder to provide much-needed care, leading to mounting (increase, rise, escalate) deaths. The situation can become even more challenging (demanding, testing, taxing, exacting, difficult, formidable, hard, tough, onerous, arduous) when health-care settings suffer from staff shortage caused by increasing infections among health-care workers — as seen in many hospitals across India. India should learn from the hard lessons of the second wave, strictly adhere to (abide by, follow, obey, comply with) COVID-appropriate behaviour and increase vaccination coverage. Getting misled (misguide, misdirect, misinform, give wrong information to) by the mild nature of the disease and throwing caution to the wind will be a dangerous gamble (risky action, venture, random shot, chance).

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.room (noun)

Hindi Meaning - कमरा, कक्ष
English Meaning - scope, chance, leeway, freedom, latitude, opportunity (for something to happen).

2.complacency (noun)

Hindi Meaning - आत्मसंतोष, लापरवाही, आलस्य
English Meaning - carelessness, laziness, laxity; self-satisfaction, smugness, self-regard.

3.Omicron variant (noun)

Hindi Meaning - ओमाइक्रोन संस्करण
English Meaning - On 26 November 2021, WHO designated the (new coronavirus) variant B.1.1.529 a variant of concern, named Omicron, on the advice of WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on Virus Evolution (TAG-VE). The first known confirmed Omicron infection was from a specimen collected on November 9. In recent weeks, infections in South Africa have increased steeply, coinciding with the detection.

4.due to (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - के कारण, की वजह से
English Meaning - because of, owing to, on account of, as a result of.

5.vaccine (noun)

Hindi Meaning - टीका
English Meaning - a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.

6.co-morbidity (noun)

Hindi Meaning - सहरुग्णता
English Meaning - In medicine, co-morbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions (diseases) co-occurring/co-existing with a primary condition (disease).

7.unlike (preposition)

Hindi Meaning - से भिन्न, के विपरीत
English Meaning - different from, unalike, dissimilar to; in contrast to, as opposed to.

8.variant (noun)

Hindi Meaning - प्रकार, असंगति
English Meaning - different or form or version or mutant of something (virus).

9.exhibit (verb)

Hindi Meaning - प्रदर्शन, दिखाएँ, प्रदर्शित करें
English Meaning - show, display (as a symptom).

10.hospitalisation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अस्पताल में भर्ती
English Meaning - the act of taking (or) admitting someone to (or) in hospital for treatment.

11.relatively (adverb)

Hindi Meaning - अपेक्षाकृत, तुलनात्मक रूप से
English Meaning - comparatively, in comparison, by comparison, proportionately.

12.immunity (noun)

Hindi Meaning - रोग प्रतिरोधक शक्ति
English Meaning - the body’s defense against infections; protection, resistance.

13.dose (noun)

Hindi Meaning - खुराक, मात्रा
English Meaning - an amount/quantity of something.

14.induce (verb)

Hindi Meaning - प्रेरित करना, कारण, उत्पादन
English Meaning - cause, produce.

15.adolescent (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - किशोर, युवा
English Meaning - teenage, young.

16.vaccinate (verb)

English Meaning - inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).

17.delta variant/B.1.617.2 (noun)

English Meaning - Formally known as AY.2 or B.1.617.2, it’s a variant of the coronavirus, first identified in India, is renamed as the ‘Delta variant’ by the World Health Organization (WHO) and this variant is reclassified as Variant of Concern (VOC). The B.1.617.1 strain has been reclassified to a Variant of Interest (VOI) and labelled variant “Kappa”.

18.the vaccinated (noun)

English Meaning - the people who are vaccinated.

19.rage (verb)

English Meaning - (of a disease) spread very quickly or uncontrollably; be at its height, be uncontrollable; reach a high degree of intensity.

20.hybrid immunity (noun)

English Meaning - natural immunity from an infection combined with the immunity provided by the vaccine. The hybrid immunity offers stronger protection than just infection or full vaccination alone.

21.vaccination (noun)

English Meaning - treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.

22.pick up (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - increase, improve, get stronger/better.

23.mRNA vaccine (noun)

English Meaning - The vaccine is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, which stands for “messenger ribonucleic acid”. Messenger RNA is essentially the blueprint that living cells use to turn gene sequences into the proteins that form their fundamental structures. Once injected, the mRNA in the vaccine is translated into a viral protein, which our immune systems detect. The body generates an immune response in reaction to these viral proteins, which can’t by themselves cause disease, and this provides protection against developing Covid-19.

24.rollout (noun)

English Meaning - official launch/introduction.

25.widen (verb)

English Meaning - increase, enlarge, expand.

26.safety/protective net (noun)

English Meaning - something which gives protection against misfortune or difficulty.

27.immaterial (adjective)

English Meaning - irrelevant, unimportant, inconsequential, insignificant, not germane.

28.confer (verb)

English Meaning - give to, present with, grant to, vest in.

29.draw (verb)

English Meaning - reach, deduce, infer, conclude, derive.

30.virulence (noun)

English Meaning - a measure of the severity or dangerousness of a disease caused by the relative ability of a infectious microorganism.

31.for instance (phrase)

English Meaning - as an example.

32.unvaccinated (adjective)

English Meaning - not vaccinated to provide immunity against a disease.

33.(time) lag (noun)

English Meaning - a period of time between one event and another event.

34.pronounce (verb)

English Meaning - say, express, utter; announce.

35.vulnerable (adjective)

English Meaning - endangered, unsafe, unprotected, unguarded, ill-protected; easily affected by, prone to, at risk of.

36.run the risk (phrase)

English Meaning - do something that may cause something unpleasant/bad.

37.unprecedented (adjective)

English Meaning - not done or experienced before.

38.loud (adjective)

English Meaning - strong, powerful, forceful.

39.go out of control (phrase)

English Meaning - go uncontrollable, go unmanageable, go ungovernable, become wild, become reckless.

40.notwithstanding (conjunction)

English Meaning - although, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, even though.

41.transmissibility (noun)

English Meaning - probability of infection given contact between a susceptible and infected individual.

42.pose (verb)

English Meaning - constitute, present, create, cause (a problem or danger or risk).

43.lead to (verb)

English Meaning - result in, cause, bring on.

44.overwhelmed (adjective)

English Meaning - overloaded, beset, overburdened; swamped, engulfed, flooded, inundated.

45.make something harder (phrase)

English Meaning - to make something more difficult.

46.much-needed (adjective)

English Meaning - needed to a large extent/degree/level.

47.mount (verb)

English Meaning - increase, rise, escalate.

48.challenging (adjective)

English Meaning - demanding, testing, taxing, exacting, difficult, formidable, hard, tough, onerous, arduous.

49.shortage (noun)

English Meaning - shortfall, deficiency, inadequacy, insufficiency.

50.adhere to (verb)

English Meaning - abide by, follow, obey, comply with.

51.mislead (verb)

English Meaning - misguide, misdirect, misinform, give wrong information to.

52.throw caution to the wind (phrase)

English Meaning - to behave or do something carelessly by ignoring risks/dangers involved in it.

53.gamble (noun)

English Meaning - risky action, venture, random shot, chance.