Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Transition in peril: on military crackdown in Sudan

Transition in peril: on military crackdown in Sudan

The military should end the crackdown (कार्रवाई, कठोर/गंभीर उपाय करना) in Sudan and pave the way for (के लिए मार्ग प्रशस्त करना, के लिए रास्ता साफ करना, तैयारी करना) democracy

The resignation of Sudan’s civilian (असैनिक, गैर-सैन्य) Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok has pushed the country, already battered (damage, spoil, impair/ruin; smash, hit/strike repeatedly) by political instability (अस्थिरता, अनिश्चितता, अप्रत्याशितता), anti-military protests and violence, into further chaos (अराजकता, अव्यवस्था, उथल-पुथल. Mr. Hamdok, who was ousted (बाहर निकालना, बेदखल करना, अधिकार छीन लेना) in a military coup (आघात, अचानक और हिंसक शासन परिवर्तन) in October and then reinstated (पुनः स्थापित करना, पुनः प्रतिष्ठित करना) as part of an agreement, failed to convince the protesters that he could form an independent technocratic (प्रविधिज्ञ तंत्र संबंधी) government that would complete Sudan’s democratic transition (परिवर्तन, संक्रमण). As violent clashes (संघर्ष, लड़ाई, टकराव) continued, Mr. Hamdok, who was called a “traitor (देशद्रोही, विश्वासघाती)” by the protesters, was left with no other option but to go. The crisis is of the military’s own making (निर्माण). Sudan was on a slow but steady transition towards democracy under the Sovereignty Council (संप्रभुता परिषद), which was formed as part of a power-sharing agreement between the Generals and the civilian leaders. But General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan disbanded (separate, break up, disperse) the Council and ousted Mr. Hamdok. Ever since mass protests in late 2018, the Generals have tried everything to protect the military’s privileges (advantage, right, benefit, prerogative, entitlement). They first removed long-time dictator (autocrat, monocrat, absolute ruler) Omar al-Bashir and took power in their hands. They agreed on power sharing only after direct military rule became unsustainable (groundless, baseless, absurd, illogical, irrational). And when the civilian leaders were consolidating (strengthen, reinforce, fortify) power, the military struck again through the coup. But where they erred (make a mistake, be wrong, be in error) was in miscalculating the will (determination, firmness of purpose, will power, strength of character, resolution, resolve) of the protesters.

The military now has power, but is in a difficult situation. When Gen. Burhan reinstated Mr. Hamdok sans (without) the Sovereignty Council after the coup, he may have calculated (suppose, believe, assume, conjecture, surmise, judge) that the military could exercise (use, employ, utilize) greater control over the civilian government and the transition process, which includes elections. But with Mr. Hamdok’s resignation, this plan seems to have collapsed (fail, be unsuccessful). A direct takeover (seizure, occupation, capture; gaining of control, change of ownership) of the government by the military would be extremely unpopular (unwanted, unwelcome; disliked). Finding a legitimate (valid, reasonable, reliable) Prime Minister would not be easy either. According to the constitutional declaration of 2019 (In August 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces for Freedom and Change (FFC) initialed a Constitutional Declaration that will replace Sudan’s 2005 Interim Constitution and govern the three year transition period. The 2019 Interim Constitutional Declaration, consisting of 15 chapters and 70 provisions, provides that a governing council will be established to rule the country during a three-year transitional period to appoint a new prime minister and cabinet), the Prime Minister should be selected by a legislative council and then endorsed (uphold, support, ratify, approve, justify) by the Sovereignty Council. The legislative council (a national, state, or provincial legislature) was never formed and the Sovereignty Council was disbanded. The military could appoint another technocrat. But if the protesters did not accept Mr. Hamdok, they are certainly not going to accept anyone the military appoints next. Weeks-long protests have also paralysed (cripple, disable, stop, bring to a (grinding) halt, put out of action, immobilize/inactivate) an already enfeebled (weakened, debilitated, crippled, disabled) economy. Inflation (simply meaning “cost of living”; increase of price level of goods & services and vice versa decrease of currency value) has soared (increase, rise quickly) to over 400%. The UN says at least a third of the country’s nearly 43 million people will need humanitarian (compassionate, humane, socially concerned) assistance in 2022. Sudan needs a stable (firmly established), responsive (receptive, approachable/accessible, answering) government that can address (tackle, deal with, attend to, try to sort out) the critical challenges. The military has the moral and political responsibility to resolve the crisis. It should immediately end the crackdown, respect the power-sharing agreement it signed with the civilian leaders in 2019, restore the Sovereignty Council and allow the country’s full transition into democracy.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.transition (noun)

Hindi Meaning - परिवर्तन, संक्रमण
English Meaning - change, transformation.

2.peril (noun)

Hindi Meaning - जोखिम, ख़तरा, कठिनाई
English Meaning - danger, jeopardy, risk, difficulty.

3.crackdown (noun)

Hindi Meaning - कार्रवाई, कठोर/गंभीर उपाय करना
English Meaning - clampdown, getting tough/severe measures, suppression.

4.pave the way for (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - के लिए मार्ग प्रशस्त करना, के लिए रास्ता साफ करना, तैयारी करना
English Meaning - clear the way for, make preparations for, put things in order for.

5.civilian (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - असैनिक, गैर-सैन्य
English Meaning - non-military; ordinary (citizen).

6.instability (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अस्थिरता, अनिश्चितता, अप्रत्याशितता
English Meaning - uncertainty, unpredictability, precariousness.

7.chaos (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अराजकता, अव्यवस्था, उथल-पुथल
English Meaning - disorder, disarray, turmoil, disorganization, disruption.

8.oust (verb)

Hindi Meaning - बाहर निकालना, बेदखल करना, अधिकार छीन लेना
English Meaning - remove, dislodge, overthrow.

9.coup (noun)

Hindi Meaning - आघात, अचानक और हिंसक शासन परिवर्तन
English Meaning - a sudden and violent regime change, seizure of power, (illegal) takeover of power.

10.reinstate (verb)

Hindi Meaning - पुनः स्थापित करना, पुनः प्रतिष्ठित करना
English Meaning - reinstall, bring back, restore, return to a former position, return to power.

11.technocratic (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - प्रविधिज्ञ तंत्र संबंधी
English Meaning - relating to a person who is with both political power as well as technical knowledge.

12.clash (noun)

Hindi Meaning - संघर्ष, लड़ाई, टकराव
English Meaning - conflict, fight, confrontation, skirmish.

13.traitor (noun)

Hindi Meaning - देशद्रोही, विश्वासघाती
English Meaning - betrayer, double-crosser, double-dealer.

14.making (noun)

Hindi Meaning - निर्माण
English Meaning - creation.

15.Sovereignty Council (Sudan) (noun)

Hindi Meaning - संप्रभुता परिषद
English Meaning - The eleven-member Sovereignty Council of Sudan was the collective head of state of Sudan from 20 August 2019, when it was created by the August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration.

16.leave (verb)

English Meaning - let (someone) deal with something without providing help/option.

17.batter (verb)

English Meaning - damage, spoil, impair/ruin; smash, hit/strike repeatedly.

18.disband (verb)

English Meaning - separate, break up, disperse.

19.privilege (noun)

English Meaning - advantage, right, benefit, prerogative, entitlement.

20.dictator (noun)

English Meaning - autocrat, monocrat, absolute ruler.

21.in one’s hands (phrase)

English Meaning - under one’s control or influence.

22.unsustainable (adjective)

English Meaning - groundless, baseless, absurd, illogical, irrational.

23.consolidate (verb)

English Meaning - strengthen, reinforce, fortify.

24.strike (verb)

English Meaning - affect, afflict, attack, hit, come upon.

25.err (verb)

English Meaning - make a mistake, be wrong, be in error.

26.will (noun)

English Meaning - determination, firmness of purpose, will power, strength of character, resolution, resolve.

27.sans (preposition)

English Meaning - without.

28.calculate (verb)

English Meaning - suppose, believe, assume, conjecture, surmise, judge.

29.exercise (verb)

English Meaning - use, employ, utilize.

30.collapse (verb)

English Meaning - fail, be unsuccessful.

31.takeover (noun)

English Meaning - seizure, occupation, capture; gaining of control, change of ownership.

32.unpopular (noun)

English Meaning - unwanted, unwelcome; disliked.

33.legitimate (adjective)

English Meaning - valid, reasonable, reliable.

34.constitutional declaration of 2019 (Sudan) (noun)

English Meaning - In August 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces for Freedom and Change (FFC) initialed a Constitutional Declaration that will replace Sudan’s 2005 Interim Constitution and govern the three year transition period. The 2019 Interim Constitutional Declaration, consisting of 15 chapters and 70 provisions, provides that a governing council will be established to rule the country during a three-year transitional period to appoint a new prime minister and cabinet.

35.the Legislative Council (noun)

English Meaning - a national, state, or provincial legislature.

36.legislature (noun)

English Meaning - law-making body or governing body; parliament, congress, assembly.

37.endorse (verb)

English Meaning - uphold, support, ratify, approve, justify.

38.technocrat (noun)

English Meaning - a supporter of technocracy. technocracy (noun) - the government by a group of people with both political power as well as technical knowledge.

39.paralyse (verb)

English Meaning - cripple, disable, stop, bring to a (grinding) halt, put out of action, immobilize/inactivate.

40.enfeebled (adjective)

English Meaning - weakened, debilitated, crippled, disabled.

41.inflation (noun)

English Meaning - simply meaning “cost of living”; increase of price level of goods & services and vice versa decrease of currency value.

42.soar (verb)

English Meaning - increase, rise quickly.

43.humanitarian (adjective)

English Meaning - compassionate, humane, socially concerned.

44.stable (adjective)

English Meaning - firmly established.