Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Virus rages in Europe: On COVID-19 rebound

Virus rages in Europe: On COVID-19 rebound

Vaccines (टीका) alone will not be able to break the transmission chain (संचरण श्रृंखला) and end the pandemic (वैश्विक महामारी)

With the staggering (आश्चर्यजनक, चौंकाने वाला) increase in daily fresh coronavirus (a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, the infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death) cases and deaths in much of Europe, the continent has for the second time since last March, become the pandemic epicentre (उपरिकेंद्र, अधिकेन्द्र). The resurgence (पुनरुत्थान, पुनरुज्जीवन) in daily new cases which began in early October and restricted to three countries has since spread and is driven (cause something to happen; prompt) by the Delta variant (प्रकार, रूपांतर). The continent reported nearly two million new cases last week, the highest since the pandemic began; more than half of the global COVID-19 deaths this month were in Europe. In Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Norway, the daily cases are the highest since the pandemic began; Romania and Ukraine reported record high numbers a few weeks ago. With hospitals fast filling up, WHO predicts that there would be extreme stress (तनाव, दबाव, चिंता) on hospital beds and intensive care units in many European countries between now and March next year. While the vaccination (टीकाकरण) rates in most countries in western Europe are higher — Ireland leads the table (list, chart) with over 90% adults being fully vaccinated (inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease)) in early September — the vaccination levels are relatively (अपेक्षाकृत, तुलनात्मक रूप से) lower in eastern Europe. With France setting an example, many countries are now making it difficult for the unvaccinated (टीकारहित) to freely travel or enter certain public or even workplaces, in an attempt to increase vaccine uptake (the action of taking up something (available/given)). And in a first, Austria made vaccination mandatory (अनिवार्य, आवश्यक) starting February next year and went into a national lockdown (an emergency protocol implemented by the authorities that prevents people from leaving from a place; An extended state of confinement/encirclement/isolation of a person by the authority) for three weeks from November 22. Austria has managed to fully vaccinate about 65% of its eligible population, which is one of the lowest rates in western Europe.

While most of the new daily cases reported are among the unvaccinated, breakthrough infections (सफलता संक्रमण) and hospitalisations (अस्पताल में भर्ती) are being reported in the fully vaccinated too. However, the deaths have predominantly (mainly, mostly) been among the unvaccinated. Even while WHO has called for (require, publicly ask/necessitate, demand) a moratorium (a temporary suspension/postponement of activity (for example; payment of a debt)) on booster doses (an amount/quantity of something (a medicine/drug) prescribed to be taken at a specific time) till this year-end so vaccines become available to developing countries, its Europe office has endorsed (uphold, support, ratify, approve, justify)) administering (dispense, provide, give, apply (a drug/vaccine)) booster doses as a “priority” to the most vulnerable (endangered, unsafe, unprotected, unguarded, ill-protected; easily affected by, prone to, at risk of) populations — based on growing (increasing) evidence of a decline in protection against infection and mild disease among the fully vaccinated. As evidence has shown, vaccines alone will be insufficient to break the transmission chain. Unfortunately, most western countries focused primarily (basically, especially, particularly) on increasing vaccination coverage ((of a disease) spread very quickly or uncontrollably; be at its height, be uncontrollable; reach a high degree of intensity) while foregoing (abandon, relinquish, sacrifice, refrain from) simple yet highly effective non-pharmaceutical (relating to aspects like preparation, dispensing, and effective utilization of medicinal drugs) interventions ((In medicine) it is a treatment, procedure, or other action taken to prevent or treat disease, or improve health in other ways) such as universal mask wearing, physical distancing and improved ventilation (the supplying of fresh air to a room) in confined spaces. A study, which is yet to be peer-reviewed (relating to a process by which something research or publication is evaluated by a group of experts in the appropriate field), predicts 0.9 million more hospitalisations and 0.3 million additional deaths in 19 European countries where people have been neither infected nor vaccinated. WHO predicts 0.7 million more deaths by March 2022 in Europe and central Asia. Compliance with public health (the branch of medicine handling public health; public health is also the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities through education, policy making and research for disease and injury prevention) measures (action, step, procedure) can indeed (in fact, actually, undeniably) avoid needless infections and deaths.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.rebound (noun)

Hindi Meaning - पलटाव, प्रतिक्षेप, प्रतिघात
English Meaning - an increase after decline.

2.vaccine (noun)

Hindi Meaning - टीका
English Meaning - a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.

3.transmission chain (noun)

Hindi Meaning - संचरण श्रृंखला
English Meaning - the act or process by which something is spread or passed from one person or thing to another.

4.pandemic (noun)

Hindi Meaning - वैश्विक महामारी
English Meaning - the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.

5.staggering (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - आश्चर्यजनक, चौंकाने वाला
English Meaning - astonishing, shocking, surprising.

6.epicentre (noun)

Hindi Meaning - उपरिकेंद्र, अधिकेन्द्र
English Meaning - This word doesn’t come from the field of public health; it is the most prominent area with an outbreak (of a disease). Similarly, “hot spot” is not a public health term but has been used to describe areas with a particularly large cluster of cases.

7.resurgence (noun)

Hindi Meaning - पुनरुत्थान, पुनरुज्जीवन
English Meaning - reoccurrence/recurrence, reappearance, reemergence.

8.variant (noun)

Hindi Meaning - प्रकार, रूपांतर
English Meaning - different or form or version or mutant of something (virus).

9.stress (noun)

Hindi Meaning - तनाव, दबाव, चिंता
English Meaning - strain, pressure, tension, worry, anxiety.

10.vaccination (noun)

Hindi Meaning - टीकाकरण
English Meaning - treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.

11.relatively (adverb)

Hindi Meaning - अपेक्षाकृत, तुलनात्मक रूप से
English Meaning - comparatively, in comparison, by comparison, proportionately.

12.unvaccinated (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - टीकारहित
English Meaning - not vaccinated to provide immunity against a disease.

13.mandatory (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - अनिवार्य, आवश्यक
English Meaning - obligatory, compulsory, binding, required, requisite.

14.breakthrough infections (noun)

Hindi Meaning - सफलता संक्रमण
English Meaning - people getting infections after they are fully vaccinated is when the infections are caused by circulating virus variants, with potential immune escape mechanism, which might reduce the efficacy of vaccines. These are called “vaccine breakthrough infections”.

15.hospitalisation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अस्पताल में भर्ती
English Meaning - the act of taking (or) admitting someone to (or) in hospital for treatment.

16.coronavirus (CoV) (noun)

English Meaning - a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, the infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. 

17.rage (verb)

English Meaning - (of a disease) spread very quickly or uncontrollably; be at its height, be uncontrollable; reach a high degree of intensity.

18.drive (verb)

English Meaning - cause something to happen; prompt.

19.delta variant/B.1.617.2 (noun)

English Meaning - Formally known as AY.2 or B.1.617.2, it’s a variant of the coronavirus, first identified in India, is renamed as the ‘Delta variant’ by the World Health Organization (WHO) and this variant is reclassified as Variant of Concern (VOC). The B.1.617.1 strain has been reclassified to a Variant of Interest (VOI) and labelled variant “Kappa”.

20.table (noun)

English Meaning - list, chart.

21.vaccinate (verb)

English Meaning - inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).

22.the unvaccinated (noun)

English Meaning - the people who are not vaccinated.

23.uptake (noun)

English Meaning - the action of taking up something (available/given).

24.lockdown (noun)

English Meaning - an emergency protocol implemented by the authorities that prevents people from leaving from a place; An extended state of confinement/encirclement/isolation of a person by the authority.

25.predominantly (adverb)

English Meaning - mainly, mostly.

26.call for (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - require, publicly ask/necessitate, demand.

27.moratorium (noun)

English Meaning - a temporary suspension/postponement of activity (for example; payment of a debt).

28.booster dose (noun)

English Meaning - In medical terms, a booster dose is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier dose.

29.dose (noun)

English Meaning - an amount/quantity of something (a medicine/drug) prescribed to be taken at a specific time.

30.endorse (verb)

English Meaning - uphold, support, ratify, approve, justify.

31.administer (verb)

English Meaning - dispense, provide, give, apply (a drug/vaccine).

32.vulnerable (adjective)

English Meaning - endangered, unsafe, unprotected, unguarded, ill-protected; easily affected by, prone to, at risk of.

33.base on (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - use as a basis; found, build, construct, form, establish.

34.growing (adjective)

English Meaning - increasing.

35.primarily (adverb)

English Meaning - basically, especially, particularly.

36.forego (verb)

English Meaning - abandon, relinquish, sacrifice, refrain from.

37.non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (noun)

English Meaning - actions, apart from getting vaccinated and taking medicine, that people and communities can take to help slow the spread of illnesses like pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by following interventions like using face masks, maintaining hand hygiene and avoiding crowds.

38.pharmaceutical (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to aspects like preparation, dispensing, and effective utilization of medicinal drugs.

39.intervention (noun)

English Meaning - (In medicine) it is a treatment, procedure, or other action taken to prevent or treat disease, or improve health in other ways.

40.universal masking (noun)

English Meaning - masking by all people.

41.social/physical distancing (noun)

English Meaning - a term that means actively avoiding crowded public places, is a key element in decreasing the rapid spread of COVID-19. This is an effort intended to limit exposure by reducing face-to-face contact and preventing spread among people in community settings.

42.ventilation (noun)

English Meaning - the supplying of fresh air to a room.

43.peer-reviewed (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to a process by which something research or publication is evaluated by a group of experts in the appropriate field.

44.compliance (noun)

English Meaning - conformity, observance, observation, accordance, adherence.

45.public health (noun)

English Meaning - the branch of medicine handling public health; public health is also the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities through education, policy making and research for disease and injury prevention.

46.measure (noun)

English Meaning - action, step, procedure.

47.indeed (adverb)

English Meaning - in fact, actually, undeniably.