Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Positive climate: On India engaging the U.S.

Positive climate: On India engaging the U.S.

Engagement (participation, taking part, involvement) with the U.S. should help India expand mitigation (शांति, कमी, हलका करना), adaptation (अनुकूलन, समायोजन, रूपांतरण) action

India’s front-line (अग्रिम पंक्ति, अगली पंक्ति के) position as third highest emitter of greenhouse gases (heat-trapping gas; a gas (such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation, causing the greenhouse effect and warming of Earth’s temperature.) has sharpened (improved, fine-tuned, enhanced) focus on its future policy course (अवधि) to mitigate carbon emissions (the release of carbon into the atmosphere) under the Paris Agreement. It has an irrefutable (अखंडनीय, निरुत्तर) claim to a big part of the remaining global carbon budget (the cumulative amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions permitted over a period of time to keep within a certain temperature threshold (upper limit)), along with (साथ में) other smaller nations with low historical emissions (ऐतिहासिक उत्सर्जन), but room for manoeuvring has shrunk in a world facing record temperatures and calamitous (नुक़सानदेह, विनाशकारी, विपत्तिपूर्ण) weather events. There is escalating pressure for India to commit itself to a date when it can achieve net zero — removing as much GHGs as it emits — on the lines of (in a similar way to) the goal set by the U.S. and the European Union for mid-century, and 2060 by China. Declaring a net zero plan under the Paris pact is a disquieting (बेचैन करने वाला, अशांत) prospect (आशा, अपेक्षा, दृष्टि, विचार) since it would impose (थोपना, बल, जोर देना) expensive choices, particularly in energy production. That conundrum (पहेली, समस्या, कठिनाई) has been addressed (tackle, deal with, attend to, try to sort out), at least partially, by visiting U.S. Special Presidential Envoy (दूत, प्रतिनिधि) for Climate (जलवायु, वातावरण, स्थिति) John Kerry, with the promise of financing and technology to make renewable energy (नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा, स्वच्छ ऊर्जा, हरित ऊर्जा) the core of future development. Specific areas of cooperation to bring down (decrease, reduce, lower, diminish) emissions — in the expansion of transport, buildings and industry — and facilitating (make easy, enable, assist, help) funding for 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030 can advance (promote, further, improve; help, aid, assist, support, strengthen) the India-U.S. Climate and Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership. More clarity on the bilateral (involving two groups or countries) road map towards emissions reduction may come at the COP26 conference in November. India, meanwhile, needs to get all States to mitigate (alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen) emissions and help them adapt to climate-linked extreme weather and atmospheric (relating to the atmosphere of the earth) pollution caused by fossil fuels (non renewable resources (or fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are formed from the buried/deposited organic materials)).

At the end of 2020, a year marked (indicate, signify, represent, denote) by COVID-19 and many destructive storms (low-pressure weather system; cyclone), the Union Environment Ministry declared that the country had achieved 21% of its 33%-35% target to cut (reduce, decrease, lessen) emissions intensity (the volume of emissions per unit of GDP) of GDP by 2030, and, similarly, was generating 37.9% of the 40% of power from renewables (a natural resource (such as water, wind, or solar power)). Though encouraging, the immediate challenge lies in (be present, exist) coming up with an adaptation framework to help those at highest risk — the millions living in the path of annual cyclones (hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm; depression), including residents of populous (densely populated) coastal cities. Raising the ability of city administrations to handle tens of millions of litres of water regularly dumped (put down, deposit (by a heavy rain)) in just a few days requires planning, funding and political commitment. Making low-cost insurance available for houses against climate-related losses will raise resilience, and lead to audits (assessment, evaluation, appraisal, inspection, examination, survey, scrutiny), encouraging governments to reduce risks. The Paris Agreement can easily fund much-needed urban retrofitting and boost employment. There is also a health imperative (necessary condition, precondition, essential requirement). Heat stress (heat stress occurs when our body is unable to cool itself enough to maintain a healthy temperature (due temperatures over 90 degrees, sun exposure, or high humidity)) has a severe impact, causing higher mortality ((in a particular time/for a cause) the rate/number of death; death, loss of life) among the vulnerable elderly. These are growing (increasing) problems, but they also represent an opportunity to steer post-COVID-19 policies towards benign (favourable, advantageous, beneficial), green development. For a low-emissions future, policies must put nature at the centre.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.climate (noun)

Hindi Meaning - जलवायु, वातावरण, स्थिति
English Meaning - atmosphere, condition, feeling, attitude.

2.mitigation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - शांति, कमी,  हलका करना
English Meaning - alleviation, reduction; lessening.

3.adaptation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अनुकूलन, समायोजन, रूपांतरण
English Meaning - adjustment, conversion, alteration, modification.

4.front-line (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - अग्रिम पंक्ति, अगली पंक्ति के
English Meaning - relating to a position from where the important/dangerous part of a situation is dealt directly, particularly a position considered as most-important for the society. 

5.course (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अवधि
English Meaning - plan of action, method of working, approach, procedure, strategy.

6.irrefutable (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - अखंडनीय, निरुत्तर
English Meaning - indisputable, undeniable, unquestionable, incontrovertible; conclusive, definite, definitive, decisive, accomplished, certain.

7.along with (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - साथ में
English Meaning - together with.

8.historical emissions (noun)

Hindi Meaning - ऐतिहासिक उत्सर्जन
English Meaning - the total quantity of CO2 emissions emitted from past centuries, measured in metric tons.

9.calamitous (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - नुक़सानदेह, विनाशकारी, विपत्तिपूर्ण
English Meaning - destructive, ruinous, disastrous, catastrophic.

10.disquieting (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - बेचैन करने वाला, अशांत
English Meaning - distressing, upsetting, disturbing, disquieting, disgusting.

11.prospect (noun)

Hindi Meaning - आशा, अपेक्षा, दृष्टि, विचार
English Meaning - vision, thought, idea, contemplation.

12.impose (verb)

Hindi Meaning - थोपना, बल, जोर देना
English Meaning - force, thrust, inflict, press, urge.

13.conundrum (noun)

Hindi Meaning - पहेली, समस्या, कठिनाई
English Meaning - problem, difficulty, quandary/dilemma.

14.envoy (noun)

Hindi Meaning - दूत, प्रतिनिधि
English Meaning - diplomat, consul, ambassador.

15.renewable energy (noun)

Hindi Meaning - नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा, स्वच्छ ऊर्जा, हरित ऊर्जा
English Meaning - clean energy, green energy; energy generated from natural resources (such as water, wind & solar energy).

16.carbon budget (noun)

English Meaning - the cumulative amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions permitted over a period of time to keep within a certain temperature threshold (upper limit).

17.mitigate (verb)

English Meaning - alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen.

18.carbon emission (noun)

English Meaning - the release of carbon into the atmosphere.

19.Climate Treaty or Paris Agreement/Accord/pact (noun)

English Meaning - The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016. Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. 

20.greenhouse gas (GHGs) (noun)

English Meaning - heat-trapping gas; a gas (such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation, causing the greenhouse effect and warming of Earth’s temperature).

21.sharpened (adjective)

English Meaning - improved, fine-tuned, enhanced.

22.engagement (noun)

English Meaning - participation, taking part, involvement.

23.legacy emissions (noun)

English Meaning - the sum of the lifetime CO2 emissions of the ancestors (of the community as a whole).

24.cumulative (CO2) emissions (noun)

English Meaning - the total quantity of CO2 emissions emitted from 1751 until a given year, measured in metric tons.

25.room for manoeuvre (phrase)

English Meaning - opportunity to change your plans or to do things differently in order to achieve what you want.

26.shrunk past participle of shrink (verb)

English Meaning - lessen, reduce, decrease.

27.escalating (adjective)

English Meaning - rising, increasing, intensifying.

28.net zero emissions/carbon neutrality (noun)

English Meaning - it means annual zero net CO2 emissions; Carbon neutrality means every ton of anthropogenic (human-caused or influenced) CO2 emitted is compensated with an equivalent amount of CO2 removed (e.g. via carbon sink or carbon sequestration).

29.on the lines of (phrase)

English Meaning - in a similar way to. 

30.address (verb)

English Meaning - tackle, deal with, attend to, try to sort out.

31.core (noun)

English Meaning - central, key, basic, fundamental (part of something).

32.bring down (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - decrease, reduce, lower, diminish.

33.facilitate (verb)

English Meaning - make easy, enable, assist, help.

34.advance (verb)

English Meaning - promote, further, improve; help, aid, assist, support, strengthen.

35.India-U.S. Climate and Clean Energy Agenda 2030 (noun)

English Meaning - The United States and India are launching the “U.S.-India Climate and Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership.” The Partnership will represent one of the core venues for U.S.-India collaboration and focus on driving urgent progress in this critical decade for climate action. Both the United States and India have set ambitious 2030 targets for climate action and clean energy. In its new nationally determined contribution, the United States has set an economy-wide target of reducing its net greenhouse gas emissions by 50–52 percent below 2005 levels in 2030. As part of its climate mitigation efforts, India has set a target of installing 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030. Through the Partnership, the United States and India are firmly committed to working together in achieving their ambitious climate and clean energy targets and to strengthening bilateral collaboration across climate and clean energy.

36.bilateral (adjective)

English Meaning - involving two groups or countries.

37.road map (noun)

English Meaning - schedule of a (complex) program.

38.26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) (noun)

English Meaning - The 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is expected to take place from 01-12 November 2021, in Glasgow, UK. The COP26 summit will bring parties together to accelerate action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

39.atmospheric (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to the atmosphere of the earth.

40.fossil fuel (noun)

English Meaning - non renewable resources (or fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are formed from the buried/deposited organic materials).

41.mark (verb)

English Meaning - indicate, signify, represent, denote. 

42.storm (noun)

English Meaning - low-pressure weather system; cyclone.

43.cut (verb)

English Meaning - reduce, decrease, lessen.

44.emissions intensity (noun)

English Meaning - the volume of emissions per unit of GDP.

45.Gross domestic product (GDP) (noun)

English Meaning - a measure of economic activity in a country. It is the total value of a country’s annual output of goods and services.

46.renewables (noun)

English Meaning - a natural resource (such as water, wind, or solar power).

47.lie in (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - be present, exist.

48.come up with (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - produce, put forward, present/submit.

49.framework (noun)

English Meaning - system, scheme, structure.

50.cyclone (noun)

English Meaning - hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm; depression.

51.populous (adjective)

English Meaning - densely populated.

52.administration (noun)

English Meaning - management, regulation, governing, operation.

53.dump (verb)

English Meaning - put down, deposit (by a heavy rain).

54.resilience (noun)

English Meaning - the ability to bounce back quickly from difficulties; strength of character, strength, toughness.

55.lead to (verb)

English Meaning - result in, cause, bring on.

56.audit (noun)

English Meaning - assessment, evaluation, appraisal, inspection, examination, survey, scrutiny.

57.much-needed (adjective)

English Meaning - needed to a large extent.

58.retrofit (verb)

English Meaning - to add something to the one already done/constructed/manufactured.

59.imperative (noun)

English Meaning - necessary condition, precondition, essential requirement.

60.heat stress (noun)

English Meaning - heat stress occurs when our body is unable to cool itself enough to maintain a healthy temperature (due temperatures over 90 degrees, sun exposure, or high humidity).

61.mortality (noun)

English Meaning - (in a particular time/for a cause) the rate/number of death; death, loss of life.

62.vulnerable (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to a weak person who is in need of special care/support/protection; ill-protected, easily affected by, prone to, at risk of.

63.elderly (adverb)

English Meaning - older people, senior citizens.

64.growing (adjective)

English Meaning - increasing.

65.steer (verb)

English Meaning - guide, conduct, direct/lead.

66.benign (adjective)

English Meaning - favourable, advantageous, beneficial.

67.green (adjective)

English Meaning - environmentally friendly, ecologically sound, energy-efficient.

68.destructive (adjective)

English Meaning - devastating, ruinous, disastrous, catastrophic.