Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Tackling the Maoists: On Left Wing Extremism

Tackling the Maoists: On Left Wing Extremism

The insurgency (विद्रोह, बग़ावत) has weakened but its potency (शक्ति, मज़बूती शक्ति) in select areas has not reduced

In a meeting with State leaders and representatives, Home Minister Amit Shah noted that the geographical (भौगोलिक, क्षेत्रीय, सामयिक) influence (प्रभाव, शक्ति, अधिकार) of the Maoists (माओवादी) has reduced from 96 districts in 10 States in 2010 to 41 now. The contraction (सिकुड़न, कमी) is not surprising. Armed struggle (शस्त्र संघर्ष) has found few takers (a person who accepts a challenge; a person who accepts an offer) beyond select pockets untouched (अछूता, अप्रभावित, अपरिवर्तित) by development or linkages with the welfare state (कल्याण राज्य, लोक हितकारी राज्य); and far from (से दूर, बिल्कुल नहीं) consolidating (मजबूत बनाना) its presence — a prospect (आशा, मौका, संभावना) that seemed possible following the merger of two major Naxalite groups (नक्सली आंदोलन) into the proscribed (banned, prohibited, forbidden (by law)) Communist Party of India (Maoist) — the organisation is limited to the remote and densely forested terrains of central and east-central India. Rather than (instead of) mobilising ((of resources) bring together for a specific cause) discontents (dissatisfaction, disaffection, disgruntlement, grievances, unhappiness, displeasure) with the Indian state by projecting (convey, communicate, present (in a particular way) its weaknesses and ensuring inclusion (a person who is included within a whole (group/society)) and welfare (social security, government/state benefit, public assistance), the Maoists have privileged (give a privilege) armed (using firearms) struggle, invited state repression and sought to use this to recruit adherents (follower, supporter, advocate). Such a strategy (plan of action (in order to achieve a more expansive set of political, economic, and security interests)) has led to some of India’s poorest people, the tribals in Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand in particular, being caught up in (become involved in (something unintended)) endless violence, and also caused severe losses to the Maoists as well as anti-insurgent (against insurgent (rebel, revolutionary, revolutionist)) security forces. This has followed the predictable path of most Maoist insurrections (coup, uprising, rebellion, putsch; civil unrest/disorder) that retained armed struggle to achieve their aims – in the Philippines and Peru, for example — leaving behind (forget, mislay; abandon) death and violence rather than enabling (allow, permit, facilitate) genuine uplift (improvement, advancement, development) of the poor. Despite these, the Maoists have not budged (change one’s mind, give way, give in, yield, compromise, adapt, retract) from their flawed (defective, faulty, distorted, inaccurate) understanding of the nature of the Indian state and democracy, unwilling to accept that the poor people, whom they claim to represent, seek (try, aim, attempt) greater engagement (participation, taking part, involvement) with the electoral and welfare system.

The Maoist insurgency still has potency in South Bastar in Chhattisgarh, the Andhra-Odisha border and in some districts in Jharkhand. These States must focus on expansive (extensive, sweeping; thorough, broad) welfare and infrastructure (the basic physical or organisational structure for something (to function properly)) building even as security forces try to weaken the Maoists. Frequent skirmishes (fight, conflict, clash, confrontation) and attacks have not only affected the security forces but also left many tribal civilians caught in the crossfire. A purely security-driven (controlled by the security (forces)) approach fraught with (full of, filled with, rife with, loaded with; accompanied by) human rights’ violations has only added to (increase, intensify, augment) the alienation (isolation, detachment, estrangement/separation) among the poor in these areas. The Maoists must be compelled to give up (stop, discontinue, renounce, forgo, abandon) their armed struggle and this can only happen if the tribal people and civil society activists (a person who supports a political or societal change/cause) promoting peace are also empowered. The Indian government should not be satisfied with the mere weakening of the Maoist insurgency and reduce commitments made for the developmental needs of some districts of concern in States such as Jharkhand, as its Chief Minister has alleged. The Union government and the States must continue to learn from successes such as the expansion of welfare and rights paradigms (model, pattern, case in point) in limiting the movement and failures that have led to the continuing spiral (rise or fall of something; upward spiral - growth, rise, enlargement, expansion (or) downward spiral- deterioration, decline, degradation) of violence in select districts.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.Maoist (noun)

Hindi Meaning - माओवादी
English Meaning - a follower of Maoism (it originated in China as a form of communist theory derived from the teachings of Chinese political leader Mao Zedong)

2.left wing (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - वामपंथी, उदारवादी, समाजवादी
English Meaning - liberal, socialist; radical, reforming, revolutionary.

3.extremism (noun)

Hindi Meaning - उग्रवाद, कट्टरवाद
English Meaning - fundamentalism, radicalism, fanaticism, dogmatism.

4.insurgency (noun)

Hindi Meaning - विद्रोह, बग़ावत
English Meaning - uprising, revolt, rebellion.

5.potency (noun)

Hindi Meaning - शक्ति, मज़बूती शक्ति
English Meaning - strength, power.

6.geographical (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - भौगोलिक, क्षेत्रीय, सामयिक
English Meaning - zonal, territorial, topical.

7.influence (noun)

Hindi Meaning - प्रभाव, शक्ति, अधिकार
English Meaning - power, authority, sway, leverage, weight, position.

8.contraction (noun)

Hindi Meaning - सिकुड़न, कमी
English Meaning - decrease, reduction, shrinking, decline, dwindling.

9.armed struggle (noun)

Hindi Meaning - शस्त्र संघर्ष
English Meaning - conflict/fight involving weapons.

10.untouched (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - अछूता, अप्रभावित, अपरिवर्तित
English Meaning - unaffected, unchanged, uninfluenced, unspoiled, unpolluted, undamaged.

11.welfare state (noun)

Hindi Meaning - कल्याण राज्य, लोक हितकारी राज्य
English Meaning - a form of government in which the state protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of the citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. A system wherein the government agrees to underwrite certain levels of employment, income, education, medical, social security and housing for all its citizens.

12.far from (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - से दूर, बिल्कुल नहीं
English Meaning - not, not at all.

13.consolidate (verb)

Hindi Meaning - मजबूत बनाना
English Meaning - strengthen, reinforce, fortify.

14.prospect (noun)

Hindi Meaning - आशा, मौका, संभावना
English Meaning - chance, possibility.

15.Naxalite movement (noun)

Hindi Meaning - नक्सली आंदोलन
English Meaning - a social movement in India in the post-independence years. It is basically a revolutionary movement of peasants and labour-class people.

16.taker (noun)

English Meaning - a person who accepts a challenge; a person who accepts an offer.

17.pocket (noun)

English Meaning - a small area.

18.armed (adjective)

English Meaning - using firearms.

19.Left Wing Extremism (LWE) (noun)

English Meaning - also called Naxalite–Maoist insurgency.

20.Naxalite (noun)

English Meaning - (In India) a member of an extreme Maoist group.

21.proscribed (adjective)

English Meaning - banned, prohibited, forbidden (by law)

22.remote (adjective)

English Meaning - faraway, distant, far off.

23.terrain (noun)

English Meaning - land, ground, territory.

24.rather than (phrase)

English Meaning - instead of.

25.mobilise (verb)

English Meaning - (of resources) bring together for a specific cause.

26.discontent (noun)

English Meaning - dissatisfaction, disaffection, disgruntlement, grievances, unhappiness, displeasure.

27.project (verb)

English Meaning - convey, communicate, present (in a particular way)

28.inclusion (noun)

English Meaning - a person who is included within a whole (group/society)

29.welfare (noun)

English Meaning - social security, government/state benefit, public assistance.

30.privilege (verb)

English Meaning - give a privilege.

31.repression (noun)

English Meaning - suppression, oppression, quelling, restraining/stifling.

32.seek (verb)

English Meaning - try, aim, attempt.

33.adherent (noun)

English Meaning - follower, supporter, advocate.

34.strategy (noun)

English Meaning - plan of action (in order to achieve a more expansive set of political, economic, and security interests)

35.lead to (verb)

English Meaning - result in, cause, bring on.

36.in particular (phrase)

English Meaning - particularly, specifically, especially.

37.(be) caught up in (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - become involved in (something unintended)

38.anti-insurgent (adjective)

English Meaning - against insurgent (rebel, revolutionary, revolutionist)

39.insurrection (noun)

English Meaning - coup, uprising, rebellion, putsch; civil unrest/disorder.

40.leave behind (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - forget, mislay; abandon.

41.enable (verb)

English Meaning - allow, permit, facilitate.

42.uplift (noun)

English Meaning - improvement, advancement, development.

43.budge (verb)

English Meaning - change one’s mind, give way, give in, yield, compromise, adapt, retract.

44.flawed (adjective)

English Meaning - defective, faulty, distorted, inaccurate.

45.unwilling (adjective)

English Meaning - reluctant, unenthusiastic, hesitant, disinclined.

46.engagement (noun)

English Meaning - participation, taking part, involvement.

47.expansive (adjective)

English Meaning - extensive, sweeping; thorough, broad.

48.infrastructure (noun)

English Meaning - the basic physical or organisational structure for something (to function properly)

49.skirmish (noun)

English Meaning - fight, conflict, clash, confrontation.

50.civilian (noun)

English Meaning - non-military person, ordinary citizen.

51.caught in a crossfire (phrase)

English Meaning - get involved in an (argumentative &) unpleasant/difficult situation.

52.security-driven (adjective)

English Meaning - controlled by the security (forces)

53.fraught with (adjective)

English Meaning - full of, filled with, rife with, loaded with; accompanied by.

54.add to (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - increase, intensify, augment.

55.alienation (noun)

English Meaning - isolation, detachment, estrangement/separation.

56.give up (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - stop, discontinue, renounce, forgo, abandon.

57.civil society (noun)

English Meaning - civil society refers to space for collective action around shared interests, purposes, and values, generally distinct from government and commercial for-profit actors. It refers to a wide array of organizations: community groups, non-governmental organizations [NGOs], labour unions, indigenous groups, charitable organizations, faith-based organizations, professional associations, and foundations. Civil society - sometimes called the “third sector” (after government and commerce) - has the power to influence the actions of elected policy-makers and businesses.

58.activist (noun)

English Meaning - a person who supports a political or societal change/cause.

59.empower (verb)

English Meaning - enable, equip, give the power to.

60.allege (verb)

English Meaning - contend, argue, claim, suggest, state, indicate.

61.paradigm (noun)

English Meaning - model, pattern, case in point.

62.spiral (noun)

English Meaning - rise or fall of something; upward spiral - growth, rise, enlargement, expansion (or) downward spiral- deterioration, decline, degradation.