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Logic Test - 3

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Logic Test - 3
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: All pens are pencils. All pencils are papers. Conclusions:

    I. All pens are papers
    II. All papers are pens.
    III. All pencils are pens.
    IV. Some papers are pens.

    Solution

    Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ?All pens are papers?. Thus, I follows. IV is the converse of this conclusion and so it also holds.

     

  • Question 2
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: All animals are consumers. All animals are carnivores. Conclusions:

    I. Either all carnivores are consumers or all consumers are carnivores.
    II. Some consumers are carnivores.
    III. Generally carnivores are consumers.

    Solution

    Since the middle term ?animals? is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion cannot be universal. So, it follows that ?Some consumers are carnivores?. Thus, II holds.

     

  • Question 3
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: Some marbles are sandstones. No sandstone is a loadstone, Conclusions:

    I.   No marbles is a loadstone.
    II. Some marbles are not loadstone,
    III. Some sandstones are marbles.
    IV. No sandstone is a marble.

    Solution

    Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, II follows. III is the converse of the first premise and thus it also holds.

     

  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: Some mathematicians are physicists. Some physicists are geologists. Conclusions:

    I. No mathematician is a geologist.
    II. All physicists are geologists.
    III. Some geologists are mathematicians.
    IV. No physicist is a mathematician.

    Solution

    Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and III involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or ill follows.

     

  • Question 5
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: All rats are cats. Some cats are lions. Conclusions:

    I. Some rats are lions.
    II. Some lions are rats.
    III. Some lions are cats.
    IV. Some cats are rats.

    Solution

    Since the middle term ?cats? is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, III is the converse of the second premise while IV is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.

     

  • Question 6
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: All lions are cats. All cats are carnivores. Conclusions:

    I.   Some cats are lions.
    II.   No cat is lion.
    III. Some carnivores are lions.
    IV. All carnivores are lions.

    Solution

    Clearly, it follows that ?All lions are carnivores?. S is the converse of the first premise, while ill is the converse of the above conclusion. So, both I and III hold.

     

  • Question 7
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: Some books are papers. Some papers are red. Conclusions:

    I. Some books are red.
    II. Some red are books.
    III. All red are papers.
    IV. All papers are books.

    Solution

    Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.

     

  • Question 8
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: Some horses are mammals. Some mammals are dogs. Conclusions:

    I. Some dogs are horses.
    II. Some mammals are horses.
    III. No horse is dog.
    IV. Some dogs are mammals.

    Solution

    Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follow. However, I and III involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or III follows. II is the converse of the first premise while IV is the converse of the second premise. Thus, both of them hold.

     

  • Question 9
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: Some birds have beaks. Some birds have wings. Conclusions:

    I. Every bird has either beak or wing.
    II. Some birds have neither wing nor beak.
    III. Some birds have beaks as well as wings.
    IV. No bird has beak as well as wing.

    Solution

    Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, III and IV form a complementary pair. Thus, either III or IV follows.

     

  • Question 10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    In each of the following questions two statements are given followed by two three or four conclusions numbered I, II, III, and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

    ...view full instructions

    Statements: Some mangoes are apples. No apple is orange, Conclusions:

    I. Some apples are mangoes.
    II. Some oranges are mangoes.
    III. Some mangoes are not oranges.
    IV. All oranges are mangoes.

    Solution

    Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. Thus, III follows. I is the converse of the first premise and so it also holds.

     

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