Acids Bases and Salts Test - 20

Basicity of an acid is the number of hydrogen ions donated to the base in an acid-base reaction.

A monobasic acid has only one hydrogen ion to donate to a base in an acid-base reaction. Hence, a monobasic molecule has solely one replaceable hydrogen atom. Monobasic acids ionize in water to give only one H⁺ ion per acid molecule. Example: HCl.

H₂SO₄ and H₂SO₄ are dibasic acids as they have two hydrogen ions to donate.

Hence, option (A) is correct. 

Neutralisation is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. Neutralization reaction is an acid-base reaction in which an acid and base react to each other to form salt and water.

The compound formed by the cation of the base and the anion of the acid is called a salt. The combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produces common table salt, NaCl.

Ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons.

Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to a solution. 

Hence, option (B) is correct. 

An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance.

pH is the negative log of H⁺ ion concentration. higher the concentration of H⁺ ion least will be pH. Solutions having pH = 7 is neutral, acidic if pH is less than 7, and basic if pH is more than 7.  Acidic substances are usually identified by their sour taste.

Acid also turns blue litmus paper into a red colour. 

Hence, option (D) is correct. 

Base, any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the colour of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus paper blue), reacts with acids to form salts.

It is clear that the base has a bitter taste and it turns red litmus into blue.

Hence, option (A) is correct. 

Egg shell is made almost entirely of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).

And when H₂SO₄ reacts with crushed egg shell (Calcium Carbonate), It leads to the production of Carbon Dioxide.

$H_{2}S{O}_4+CaC{O}_3\to CaS{O}_4+H_{2}O+C{O}_2$

Products formed are - Calcium Sulphate, Water, and Carbon Dioxide.

Hence, option (B) is correct. 

Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃ ( Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate).

Baking soda is a leavening agent used in baked goods like cakes, muffins, and cookies. Formally known as sodium bicarbonate, it's a white crystalline powder that is naturally alkaline, or basic.

Hence option (C) is correct.

Pure water is neutral in nature. It’s pH is 7. It is also a natural solvent for different reactions.

Hence, option (C) is correct. 

The sting of an ant contains formic acid (methanoic acid). When an ant bites, it injects the acidic liquid into the skin. 

The effect of the sting can be neutralized by rubbing moist baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) or calamine solution, which contains zinc carbonate.

Citric acid is present in the citrus plant. eg, lemon, orange, etc.

Lactic acid is present in the curd.

Acetic acid is present in the vinegar.

Hence, option (B) is correct. 

Calcium carbonate is a byproduct of lime water, when it is reacted with the Carbon Dioxide.

When lime (Ca(OH)₂) is treated with Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) it forms Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) and Water. 

$Ca{\left(OH\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+C{O}_2\left(g\right)\to CaC{O}_3\left(s\right) + H_{2}O$

Since Calcium Carbonate has a pH greater than 7, it's considered a base, not an acid. Substances with a pH level of 7 are considered neutral, any substances with pH level than 7 are considered acidic. It is basic.

Hence, option (B) is correct.

Acids have corrosive properties to the skin, eyes, teeth, and lungs. Severe exposure can result in death.

Aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes, meaning that they conduct an electrical current.

Acids react with bases to produce a salt compound and water. When equal moles of an acid and a base are combined, the acid is neutralized by the base. The products of this reaction are an ionic compound, which is labeled as a salt, and water.

It is clear from the given explanation all the options are correct. 

Hence, option (D) is correct.

Baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) is basic in nature due to its slightly bitter taste and high pH value.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), due to its basic nature, is used to neutralize the acidic substance (formic acid) of ant's sting.

Hence, option (B) is correct. 

Saliva has a slightly alkaline pH that ranges between 6.5 to 7.5. Alkaline nature of saliva helps in the remineralization of enamel and provides a better environment for the salivary alpha-amylase enzyme to act. 

Hence, option (A) is correct. 

Chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite, (Ca(OCl)₂).

Also,    

• It is used for bleaching dirty clothes in the laundry, as a bleaching agent for cotton and linen in the textile industry.
• It is a strong oxidizing agent, hence used as an oxidizer in many industries.
• It is used as a disinfectant which is used for disinfecting water to make potable water.

Hence, option (D) is correct. 

An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. Eg. HCl, HNO₃.

Ca(OH)₂ is base because it gives OH^- ion to other substances.

Hence, option (B) is correct. 

Water is neutral having pH 7. If we add alkali into water it is converted into alkali solution.

As we know if pH is less than 7. It will be acidic and if more than 7 it will be a basic solution.

Now, on adding alkali solution to the water, Solution becomes basic and hence, pH of the resulting solution will be increased.

Hence, option (A) is correct.