Heredity and Evolution Test - 13

Heredity can be defined as the transmission of various genetic characteristics from the parents to their offspring. These characteristics include the colour of the eyes, the hairstyle, the shape of the face, nose, etc. The similarity between parents’ physical features and their children’s physical features is marked by heredity inherent traits.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics. When he explained about heredity for the first time ever, the term "Gene" which is now being used, was not given. According to his explanations, he called them 'Factors' which are otherwise known as Genes.

	A	a
B	AB	aB
b	Ab	ab

All possible gametes of an AaBb parent are shown in the above table, which are 'AB', 'aB', 'Ab' and 'ab'. 

• The branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation is genetics. Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics.
• Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which "new individual organisms" are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life forms; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction.
• Sericulture is the production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this purpose.
• Evolution is the change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

This could be calculated by using Punnet square.
Genotype: RRYY     X      rryy

• Seven characters found in garden pea plants were selected by Mendel for his experiment. 
• They were seed shape, seed colour, flower colour, pod shape, pod colour, flower position, and stem height. 
• For the experiments, Mendel selected a set of two contrasting traits for each of these characters. 

Gregor Mendel was the first who gave the idea of heredity. Those units for heredity were named "factors" by Mendel. His major work was based on contrasting characters of Pisum sativum. He was born on July 20, 1822. The $$19^{th}$$ century began on $$1^{st}$$ January 1801 and ended on $$31^{st}$$ December 1900.

• A genotype is the genetic makeup/constitution of a cell of an organism.
• A phenotype is an external appearance caused by the presence of a particular genotype.
• A trait indicates the specific characteristic of an individual. 
• An allele is a variant form of a gene.

So, the correct answer is option A.

In Mendel's experiments, characters like the nature of seed coat, flower colour, the position of flower, pod colour, stem height, etc. found in garden pea plants were studied. These characters are referred to as phenotype. 

Genes are the functional hereditary units.  Gene is also defined as the functional unit of DNA which codes for a character. Genes are located on chromosomes, which are then carried to the next generation and thus plays a great role in heredity.