Heredity and Evolution Test

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 16

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

According to Darwin, evolution is:

A
A sudden but discontinuous process.

B
A slow, gradual and continuous process.

C
A sudden but continuous process.

D
A slow and discontinuous process.

Solution

Darwin believed that certain variations are better adapted to environmental conditions.These adaptations got accumulated over a period of time in each generation, and ultimately gave rise to new species.
Thus, time was the most important requirement in speciation. Further evolution is a continuous process in the sense that intermediate forms between ancestors and present-day modern species did exist in past but later on got extinct.
So, the correct answer is 'A slow, gradual and continuous process'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Deviation of homologous organs are caused by

A
Time consequence along

B
Gradual changes in structure

C
Drastic changes in structure

D
No changes in basic structure

Solution

Starting from a common ancestor, homologues show gradual changes, retaining the overall basic structure and not deviating drastically.
So, the correct answer is 'Gradual change in structure'
Question 3
1 / -0

Name the island (continent), where largest number of human fossils have been discovered.

A
Europe

B
Africa

C
America

D
Asia
Solution
- A Large number of human fossils have been discovered from Africa. This led to the "Out of Africa hypothesis" according to which modern humans evolved only in Africa and then traveled to Asia, Europe, and other places to replace the indigenous populations.
- Most probably, Homo erectus was the first hominid to move out of Africa, and colonize Asia, Europe, and other parts of the earth.
- So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which one of the following sets includes all homologous organs?

A
Hind legs of pig, duck and kangaroo

B
Wings of bats, butterfly and bird

C
Sting of honey bee, scorpion and snake

D
Tail of rat, peacock and cockroach

Solution

Homologous structures means that they had come from a common ancestor, e.g., hind legs of pig, duck and kangaroo.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which one of the following is a set of structures that includes only analogous organs?

A
Wings of butterfly, housefly and bat.

B
Hind legs of horse, grasshopper and bat.

C
Hands of man, monkey and kangaroo.

D
Mandibles of cockroach, mosquito and honey bee.
Solution
- Analogous organs are those organs which are evolved from different origins but perform same function.
- Whereas homologous organs are those organs which are evolved from same origin but have different functions.
- Wings of butterfly, housefly and bat are examples of analogous organs.
- Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
1 / -0

The origin of new species from pre-existing species is

A
Isolation

B
Speciation

C
Genetic variation

D
Reproductive isolation
Solution
- The evolutionary process by which new biological species arise is called speciation.
- The speciation not only brings phenotypic changes but also genotypic changes which causes a variation in the gene pool.
- Isolation is the segregation of different populations into smaller units by a certain mechanism so as to prevent interbreeding among them.
- Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

Organs that have different embryonic origin but perform similar functions are:

A
Homologous organs

B
Analogous organs

C
Vestigial organs

D
Identical organs
Solution
- Organisms belonging to different groups but living in the same habitat have organs that are modified and adapted to their requirements.
- This gives rise to organs that may have a different origin with dissimilar structures but will perform similar functions. These types of structures or organs are called analogous organs.
- For example, the wings of a bat and an insect. Bats and insects have different embryonic origins; bat is a mammal whereas, an insect is an arthropod. Their wings are structurally different.
- The wings of bats have bones but, insects' wings are membranous folds composed of cuticles. But both these types of wings perform a similar function, i.e. of flying.
Hence, option B is the correct answer.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following is incorrect?

A
Flippers of penguins and dolphins are analogous organs.

B
Wings of insects and bats are analogous organs.

C
Wings of insects and birds are homologous organs.

D
Wings of bat and pigeon are analogous organs.
Solution
- The wings of an insect are analogous to the wings of a bird and bat. It is because the structure of the wings of the insect is different from the wings of birds and bats. However, their function is similar.
- Flippers of penguins and dolphins have a similar function (helps in swimming) but different origins so, they are analogous organs.
- The wings of bat and pigeon are analogous organs, as both use wings for flying.
- Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

A couple will have a male child if

A
Father is healthier than mother

B
Genetic chromosomal constitution of child is XX

C
Mother is fed well during the pregnancy

D
Genetic chromosomal constitution of a child is XY

Solution

In human males, there will be 22 pairs of autosomes and one last pair of sex chromosomes. The sex chromosome will be XY. Human females will have 22 pairs of autosomes and XX as sex chromosome.
Question 10
1 / -0

Phenotype of an organism is the result of ______.

A
Only genotype

B
Only nutrition

C
Only environmental changes

D
Genotype and environmental interactions

Solution

Phenotype is all the observable characteristics of an organism that result from the interaction of its genotype (total genetic inheritance) with the environment. Examples of observable characteristics include behaviour, colour, shape, and size. The phenotype may change constantly throughout the life of an individual because of environmental changes and the physiological and morphological changes associated with aging. Different environments can influence the development of inherited traits (like size, for example, is affected by available food supply) and alter expression by similar genotypes (for example, twins maturing in dissimilar families).
So, the correct answer is 'Genotype and environment interactions'.

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 16

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 16

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Question 1

A sudden but discontinuous process.

A slow, gradual and continuous process.

A sudden but continuous process.

A slow and discontinuous process.

Solution

Question 2

Time consequence along

Gradual changes in structure

Drastic changes in structure

No changes in basic structure

Solution

Question 3

Europe

Africa

America

Asia

Solution

Question 4

Hind legs of pig, duck and kangaroo

Wings of bats, butterfly and bird

Sting of honey bee, scorpion and snake

Tail of rat, peacock and cockroach

Solution

Question 5

Wings of butterfly, housefly and bat.

Hind legs of horse, grasshopper and bat.

Hands of man, monkey and kangaroo.

Mandibles of cockroach, mosquito and honey bee.

Solution

Question 6

Isolation

Speciation

Genetic variation

Reproductive isolation

Solution

Question 7

Homologous organs

Analogous organs

Vestigial organs

Identical organs

Solution

Question 8

Flippers of penguins and dolphins are analogous organs.

Wings of insects and bats are analogous organs.

Wings of insects and birds are homologous organs.

Wings of bat and pigeon are analogous organs.

Solution

Question 9

Father is healthier than mother

Genetic chromosomal constitution of child is XX

Mother is fed well during the pregnancy

Genetic chromosomal constitution of a child is XY

Solution

Question 10

Only genotype

Only nutrition

Only environmental changes

Genotype and environmental interactions

Solution

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