Heredity and Evolution Test

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 17

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which one of the following cannot be explained on the basis of Mendel's Law of Dominance?

A
Factors occur in pairs.

B
The discrete unit controlling a particular character is called as factor.

C
Out of one pair of factor one is dominant, and the other recessive.

D
Alleles do not show any blending and both the characters recover as such in F$$_2$$ generation.
Solution
Solution:
Correct answer is option D
Explanation for correct option:
As per the law of dominance, dominant characters will express themselves in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions.
Whereas, recessive characters are the characters which can express only when it is present in homozygous condition.
F$$_1$$ generation thus shows the mixing of characters and will not inherit as such without mixing.

Explanation for incorrect option: Mendel used term factors to genes. He also gave that they occur in pairs.
As per the law of dominance, dominant characters will express themselves in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which one of the following is not a living fossil?

A
$$Lopholithodes$$

B
$$Sphenodon$$

C
$$Archaeopteryx$$

D
$$Peripatus$$

Solution

Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Archaeopteryx is not a living fossil in fact it is a connecting link between the birds and the reptiles while King crab, Sphenodon, and Peripatus are the living fossils. Archaeopteryx is basically known to be the connecting link between birds and reptiles as it looks like a bird and possesses bird wings.
Question 3
1 / -0

What is the number of chromosomes in a normal human?

A
42

B
44

C
46

D
48

Solution

Human beings contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, which means 46 chromosomes. Out of 23, 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair is of sex chromosomes.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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Female humans have the following chromosomal condition:

A
44 AA+XO

B
44 AA+XX

C
44 AA+XY

D
44 AA+XXY

Solution

Humans have 44 autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Sex chromosomes in human males are 'XY' while in human females they are 'XX'.
So, the correct option is B.
Question 5
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The chromosomes responsible for the sex determination are called:

A
Autosomes

B
Allosomes

C
Multiple alleles

D
All of the above
Solution
- Chromosomes can be categorized into two types based on their primary function.
1. Allosomes: Allosomes are sex chromosomes. These chromosomes contain genes that determine the sex of an organism.
2. Autosomes: All the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes.
- For example, humans have 22 pairs of autosomes (total 44) and one pair of sex chromosomes (the X and Y).
- However, multiple alleles is a condition where a single gene have more than two alleles such as in ABO blood grouping.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

Genetic identity of a human male is determined by:

A
Autosomes

B
Nucleolus

C
Sex chromosomes

D
Cell organelles
Solution
- Typically in mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes of humans are X and Y chromosomes.
- Females have two X chromosomes, while males have both X and Y chromosomes. So, a human male can be identified by the presence of the Y chromosome, which is a type of sex chromosome.
- Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
1 / -0

A zygote which has an X chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a

A
Boy

B
Girl

C
X chromosome does not determine the sex of a child

D
Either boy or girl

Solution

XX chromosomal pair determines that a child is a female. XY combination determines that the child is a male. Thus, an egg of a female will always contain and X chromosome. 50% of the sperms contain X chromosome and 50% of sperms contain Y chromosome. Thus when an egg is fertilized by a sperm containing X chromosome, the combination of XX is formed thus, giving birth to a girl child.
So, the correct answer is 'Girl'
Question 8
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What are homologous structures?

A
Structures which have a common basic structure but perform different functions are called homologous structures.

B
Structures which do not have a common basic structure but perform different functions are called homologous structures.

C
Structures which have a common basic structure but perform same functions are called homologous structures.

D
Structures which have a different structure but perform different functions are called homologous structures.

Solution

Structures that have a common basic structure but perform different functions are called homologous structures. For example, the forelimbs of reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. though they have a similar embryonic origin but are variously modified to carry out different activities.
Analogous organs have a different basic structure but look alike and perform the same functions. For example, the wings of a bird and the wings of an insect.
Question 9
1 / -0

A trait in an organism is influenced by ?

A
Paternal DNA only

B
Maternal DNA only

C
Both maternal and paternal DNA

D
Neither paternal nor maternal DNA
Solution
Correct option: C
Explanation:
When fertilisation occurs, the sperm nucleus comes inside the ovum and their fusion occurs.
The ovum along with the nucleus contains all other necessary things for further changes.
The paternal and maternal DNA recombine giving rise to the child's DNA.
Hence, a trait in an organism is influenced by "both maternal and paternal DNA".
Question 10
1 / -0

According to the evolutionary theory, the formation of a new species is generally due to:

A
Sudden creation by nature

B
Accumulation of variations over several generations

C
Clones formed during asexual reproduction

D
Movement of individuals from one habitat to another

Solution

Evolution is a slow and steady process and organisms get adapted to environmental conditions in due course of time. Accumulation of variations due to mutations in the genetic material over several generations forms new species. Natural selection may operate differently in different geographic locations. Eventually, different groups of new species will be formed from the same parent population.
So, the correct answer is option B.

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 17

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 17

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Question 1

Factors occur in pairs.

The discrete unit controlling a particular character is called as factor.

Out of one pair of factor one is dominant, and the other recessive.

Alleles do not show any blending and both the characters recover as such in F$$_2$$ generation.

Solution

Question 2

$$Lopholithodes$$

$$Sphenodon$$

$$Archaeopteryx$$

$$Peripatus$$

Solution

Question 3

42

44

46

48

Solution

Question 4

44 AA+XO

44 AA+XX

44 AA+XY

44 AA+XXY

Solution

Question 5

Autosomes

Allosomes

Multiple alleles

All of the above

Solution

Question 6

Autosomes

Nucleolus

Sex chromosomes

Cell organelles

Solution

Question 7

Boy

Girl

X chromosome does not determine the sex of a child

Either boy or girl

Solution

Question 8

Structures which have a common basic structure but perform different functions are called homologous structures.

Structures which do not have a common basic structure but perform different functions are called homologous structures.

Structures which have a common basic structure but perform same functions are called homologous structures.

Structures which have a different structure but perform different functions are called homologous structures.

Solution

Question 9

Paternal DNA only

Maternal DNA only

Both maternal and paternal DNA

Neither paternal nor maternal DNA

Solution

Question 10

Sudden creation by nature

Accumulation of variations over several generations

Clones formed during asexual reproduction

Movement of individuals from one habitat to another

Solution

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