Heredity and Evolution Test

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 24

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Animals of similar genetic constitution are said to have same

A
Heterozygous

B
Homozygous

C
Genotypes

D
Phenotypes
Question 2
1 / -0

Best description of natural selection is:

A
Survival of the fittest

B
Struggle for existence

C
Change in proportion of variations within a population

D
Reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment

Solution

The best description of natural selection is 'the reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment'.
Natural selection is a gradual biological process by which the traits that help in better survival of a population by adapting to its changing environment flourishes over generations. A population generally has members with some varied traits and only the best suited variant will eventually continue reproducing and the others will die out after a few generations. For instance, if in a population of red and green beetles, the green beetles adapts better in staying away from being preyed, eventually the population of green beetles will flourish over generations due to their reproductive success and population of red beetles will get abolished. It is a key mechanism of evolution.
Thus, the correct option is 'D'.
Question 3
1 / -0

An organism with two identical alleles of a gene in a cell is called

A
Homozygous

B
Dominant

C
Heterozygous

D
Recessive
Solution
- If an organism has two copies of the same allele, for example, AA or aa, it is homozygous for that trait.
- If the organism has one copy of two different alleles, for example, Aa, it is heterozygous.
- The dominant character is expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous condition while the recessive express only in the homozygous condition.
- So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
1 / -0

The given figure shows structure of forelimbs of different organisms which are labelled as P, Q, R and S. Which of the following is incorrect regarding this?

A
Q and R both are adapted for the same function i.e., flying, thus they are analogous organs.

B
P and S both have same basic structural plan, thus they are homologous organs.

C
P and Q are adapted for different functions i.e., swimming and flying respectively thus they are analogous organs.

D
None of the above.

Solution

Analogous organs show a superficial resemblance:
* Their internal structure is quite different. They develop in unrelated organisms.
* Stages in the development are different.
* They have similar functions.
* They have a dissimilar developmental pattern. They show convergent evolution.
Homologous organs are similar in embryology, anatomy, and genetics but they have different functions. P and Q are adapted for different functions hence, they are homologous organs and not analogous organs.
Question 5
1 / -0

In humans, a _________ is identified by XX pair of sex chromosomes.

A
Male

B
Female

C
Hybrid

D
Pure breed

Solution

Typically in mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes of humans are X and Y chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have both X and Y chromosomes.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

A cross that involves a single trait is called:

A
Trihybrid cross

B
Monohybrid cross

C
Dihybrid cross

D
Uni-cross

Solution

A monohybrid cross is a cross between two parents that involves a single trait. For example, a cross of tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) pea plants involves a single trait - height.
A Dihybrid cross is a cross between two parents that involves two traits.
For example, a cross of two pea plants, one with yellow and round seeds (YYRR) and the other with green and wrinkled seeds (yyrr), involves two traits - seed shape and seed colour.
Similarly, a trihybrid cross involves the crossing of two parents that involves three traits.
There is no cross known as uni-cross.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

A gamete normally contains:

A
All alleles of a gene

B
Many alleles of a gene

C
One allele of a gene

D
Two alleles of a gene

Solution

A gamete is produced by the meiosis in cell division. When gametes are produced, the alleles of the gene separate and enter into different gametic cells. In other words, one type of chromosome is packaged in one sex cell and the other form of the chromosome is packaged in another as chromosomes found in pairs in humans.
Thus, option C is correct.
Question 8
1 / -0

Cross between two parents results in _________.

A
Genotype

B
$$F_1$$ generation

C
$$F_2$$ generation

D
Cross pollination
Solution
- The offspring from a cross between first parent individuals are referred to as first filial generation; $$F_1$$ generation. Plants of $$F_1$$ generation were allowed to self pollinate to obtain $$F_2$$ generation.
- Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollens from one plant to the stigma of the flower borne on the different plants of the same species.
- The genetic constitution of a cell or organism refers to its genotype.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 9
1 / -0

A zygote which has an X chromosome inherited from the father will become

A
Boy

B
Girl

C
Either girl or boy

D
Cannot be predicted

Solution

Sex determination seen in humans is XY sex determination. Ovum carries X chromosome, whereas sperm can carry either X or Y chromosome. The genetic makeup of a female is XX and genetic makeup of male is XY. Therefore, if the zygote is formed by receiving the X chromosome from the father, the resulting zygote will be a female.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of Mendel's procedures differed from those of his predecessor and contributed most of his success?

A
He observed many characteristics of each trait.

B
He observed distinct inherited traits.

C
He quantitatively analysed his data.

D
He kept breeding records.
Solution
- Mendel studied the common garden pea plant that exhibited discontinuous characteristics such as flower colour and pea texture.
- Mendel chose seven pairs of contrasting traits, namely plant height, flower position, pod colour, pod shape, seed colour, seed shape and flower colour. He observed only two alternative forms of a trait, for example, tall and dwarf in plant height, the axial and terminal position of flowers etc.
- Although his predecessors studied the inheritance pattern of distinct traits; but he was first to apply the quantitative approach, the statistical analysis, to biological science which allowed him to interpret and analyse the pattern of inheritance mathematically.
- This helped Mendel to explain the laws of heredity.
- Thus, the correct answer is option C.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Heredity and Evolution Test - 24

Result

Heredity and Evolution Test - 24

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Heterozygous

Homozygous

Genotypes

Phenotypes

Question 2

Survival of the fittest

Struggle for existence

Change in proportion of variations within a population

Reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment

Solution

Question 3

Homozygous

Dominant

Heterozygous

Recessive

Solution

Question 4

Q and R both are adapted for the same function i.e., flying, thus they are analogous organs.

P and S both have same basic structural plan, thus they are homologous organs.

P and Q are adapted for different functions i.e., swimming and flying respectively thus they are analogous organs.

None of the above.

Solution

Question 5

Male

Female

Hybrid

Pure breed

Solution

Question 6

Trihybrid cross

Monohybrid cross

Dihybrid cross

Uni-cross

Solution

Question 7

All alleles of a gene

Many alleles of a gene

One allele of a gene

Two alleles of a gene

Solution

Question 8

Genotype

$$F_1$$ generation

$$F_2$$ generation

Cross pollination

Solution

Question 9

Boy

Girl

Either girl or boy

Cannot be predicted

Solution

Question 10

He observed many characteristics of each trait.

He observed distinct inherited traits.

He quantitatively analysed his data.

He kept breeding records.

Solution

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