Heredity and Evolution Test

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 37

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which statement about alleles is not true?

A
There may be several at a locus.

B
One may be dominant over another.

C
They occupy different loci on the same chromosome.

D
None of the above

Solution

The alternative forms of a gene are alleles. Since genes are present on chromosomes on fix loci, an allele is present at a locus on a chromosome.
A trait that fully manifests itself, in heterozygous condition, is referred to as the dominant trait and the allele controlling it is known as a dominant allele. The trait that does not express itself in heterozygous condition or whose effect is masked by the presence of dominant trait is known as a recessive trait and the responsible allele is termed as a recessive allele. Dominant-recessive relationship of alleles is due to the production of less functional protein/non-functional protein/no protein product at all by a recessive allele.
Multiple alleles refer to the presence of more than two alternate forms of a gene which should be accommodated on two loci on a homologous pair. This is facilitated by the presence of more than one allele on the same locus provided one allele is present at a locus at a time in a chromosome.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
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Variation combined with geographical isolation may result in _______.

A
Mutation

B
Speciation

C
Fossilisation

D
Genetic drift
Solution
- Geographic variation refers to differences among populations in genetically based traits, across the natural geographic range of a species.
- Speciation often begins when a single species become geographically separated into two populations. Individuals cannot travel between the populations, preventing the two populations from interbreeding.
- Because the two populations cannot exchange genes and they may be subject to different environmental conditions, they slowly evolve differences.
- Eventually, the two populations become different enough so that they do not interbreed even if they come into contact (reproductively isolated), therefore separate species.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 3
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Both the parents contribute equal amount of ................. material to the offspring.

A
Genetic

B
RNA

C
Phenotypic

D
None of the above

Solution

A zygote is formed by the fusion of sperm and ova. During formation of gametes, as a result of meiosis, sperms and eggs receive only half of the genetic material of the parent cells and thus, become haploid. When fertilization occurs, sperms and eggs become zygote which is diploid. In this way, both male and female parents contribute an exactly equal amount of genetic material to the offspring.
Question 4
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Directions For Questions

A group of red beetles lives on green leaves of a tree. Beetles multiply through sexual reproduction. One day, some green beetles are seen among the red beetles. Green beetles breed to produce green progeny. Crows on the tree eat beetles.

...view full instructions

The colour composition of beetle population is likely to change in the following manner.

A
Both red and green beetles survive equally.

B
Only the red beetles survive.

C
More red beetles survive than the green.

D
More green beetles survive than the red.

Solution

The process of natural selection can lead to significant changes in the appearance, behaviour, or physiology of individuals in a population, in just a few generations. Once new alleles arise, meiosis and sexual reproduction combine different alleles in new ways to increase genetic variation. More green beetles survive than the red because of natural selection.
Question 5
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A cross between a tall pea plant and dwarf pea plant resulted tall progenies in $$F_1$$ generation, because

A
Tallness is a recessive trait.

B
Dwarfness is a dominant trait.

C
Tallness is a dominant trait.

D
Neither 'T' or 't' governs stem height.

Solution

A cross between two pure breeding tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) parent plants produce uniform $$F_1$$ generation of dominant individuals (Tt).
According to the law of dominance, a trait is represented by two contrasting factors of a gene in a heterozygous individual; the allele/factor that can express itself in a heterozygous individual is called as a dominant trait. Another factor whose effect is masked by the presence of a dominant factor is called a recessive factor. The recessive factor, t, is present in $$F_1$$ hybrids but its expression is masked by the factor for a dominant trait, T.
Thus, all progeny exhibit tallness. If tallness was a recessive trait, it would not have been expressed in heterozygous progeny (Tt). If dwarfism was a dominant trait, the heterozygous progeny (Tt) would have expressed it and was dwarf.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
1 / -0

Select the incorrect statement.

A
Each character of an individual is controlled by a unit factor.

B
During gamete formation, the alleles do not segregate, so that each gamete receives both the pair of alleles.

C
The various forms of genes occupying a locus on homologous chromosomes are called alleles.

D
Locus is the position on chromosomes were genes are located.
Solution
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The alleles do segregate during gamete formation, such that each gamete obtains one of the alleles situated at the same locus of homologous chromosomes, resulting in the gamete having just one version of the gene.
Each character is governed by unique units known as factors, which appear in pairs.
If the pairings are heterozygous, one of them will always be dominant over the other.
This is referred to as the First Law of Inheritance or the Law of Dominance.
Alleles are the alternative forms of genes found on homologous chromosomes.
They are located on the same chromosome and impact the same trait but in different ways.
A locus (plural loci) is a specific location on a chromosome where a certain gene or genetic marker is found.
Hence, the incorrect statement is during gamete formation, the alleles do not segregate so that each gamete receives both the pair of alleles.
Question 7
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Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A
Mendel's experiments gave us the mechanism for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.

B
Mendel's findings remained unknown until these were rediscovered.

C
Natural selection is based on the isolation of natural populations and selective breeding of organisms.

D
Both A and B.

Solution

Mendel's experiments on the pea plant gave us the mechanism for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.
In 1900, Hugo de Vries rediscovered the findings of Mendel, until then his findings were unknown.
Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain genotypes are more likely than individuals with other genotypes to survive and reproduce and thus, to pass on their alleles to the next generation.
In natural populations, the mechanisms of evolution do not act in isolation.
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B.'
Question 8
1 / -0

A cross between $$AaBB$$ and $$aaBB$$ yields a genotypic ratio of:

A
1 $$AaBB$$ : 1 $$aaBB$$

B
1 $$AaBB$$ : 3 $$aaBB$$

C
3 $$AaBB$$ : 1 $$aaBB$$

D
All $$AaBb$$
Question 9
1 / -0

Speciation does not takes place due to ________.

A
Genetic variation

B
Reduced gene flow

C
Geographic isolation

D
Mutation

E
All of the above
Solution
- Speciation is a process through which new species are formed through the process of evolution. Increased genetic variation leads to the formation of a new species.
- Reduced gene flow in a further generation will result in different populations than its ancestors.
- Geographic isolation is a common way for the process of speciation to begin: rivers change course, mountains rise, continents drift, organisms migrate, and what was once a continuous population is divided into two or smaller populations.
- A mutation is the main reason for speciation as it brings changes in the genes.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

F$$_1$$ generation means:

A
First filial generation

B
First seed generation

C
First flowering generation

D
First fertile generation
Solution
- F$$_1$$ generation is the first filial generation.
- It means these are the offspring that belong to the first generation after a cross between the male and female parents.
So, the correct answer is option A.

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 37

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 37

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Question 1

There may be several at a locus.

One may be dominant over another.

They occupy different loci on the same chromosome.

None of the above

Solution

Question 2

Mutation

Speciation

Fossilisation

Genetic drift

Solution

Question 3

Genetic

RNA

Phenotypic

None of the above

Solution

Question 4

Both red and green beetles survive equally.

Only the red beetles survive.

More red beetles survive than the green.

More green beetles survive than the red.

Solution

Question 5

Tallness is a recessive trait.

Dwarfness is a dominant trait.

Tallness is a dominant trait.

Neither 'T' or 't' governs stem height.

Solution

Question 6

Each character of an individual is controlled by a unit factor.

During gamete formation, the alleles do not segregate, so that each gamete receives both the pair of alleles.

The various forms of genes occupying a locus on homologous chromosomes are called alleles.

Locus is the position on chromosomes were genes are located.

Solution

Question 7

Mendel's experiments gave us the mechanism for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.

Mendel's findings remained unknown until these were rediscovered.

Natural selection is based on the isolation of natural populations and selective breeding of organisms.

Both A and B.

Solution

Question 8

1 $$AaBB$$ : 1 $$aaBB$$

1 $$AaBB$$ : 3 $$aaBB$$

3 $$AaBB$$ : 1 $$aaBB$$

All $$AaBb$$

Question 9

Genetic variation

Reduced gene flow

Geographic isolation

Mutation

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

First filial generation

First seed generation

First flowering generation

First fertile generation

Solution

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