Heredity and Evolution Test

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 39

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following statements about natural selection are correct?
(i) Natural selection tends to increase the characters that enhance survival and reproduction.
(ii) Individuals with better adaptive ability will produce more progeny.
(iii) Was considered as a mechanism of evolution by Darwin.

A
(i), (ii) and (iii)

B
(i) and (ii) only

C
(iii) only

D
(i) and (iii) only

Solution

According to Darwin, those organisms who are a better fit in their environment produce more offsprings than others or we can say their reproductive rate is higher than the others. These organisms, therefore, will survive more and hence are selected by nature. And this is the method of evolution according to him.
All the given statements are correct.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 2
1 / -0

Homologous organs indicate:

A
No evolution

B
Parallel evolution

C
Natural selection

D
Common descent

Solution

Homology is the characteristic acquired by two distinct living beings of common descent. Organs, for example, bat's wing, wings of feathered creatures, seal's flipper, forelimb of a pony, and human arm have a typical fundamental life system that was available in their last normal predecessors; their forelimbs are homologous organs.
So, the correct option is 'Common descent'.
Question 3
1 / -0

When a pure strain of tall plants (TT) with round seeds (RR) is crossed with a pure strain of short plants (tt) with wrinkled seeds (rr), an $$F_1$$ generation is produced. The alleles for short and wrinkled are recessive to those for tall and round, respectively. When these $$F_1$$ plants self-pollinate, what proportion of the $$F_2$$ generation is short with wrinkled seeds?

A
0

B
$$\displaystyle \frac {1}{16}$$

C
$$\displaystyle \frac {1}{2}$$

D
$$\displaystyle \frac {9}{16}$$

Solution

Dihybrid cross is the one which involves two pairs of contrasting traits. Mendel found that a cross between tall round and wrinkled short seeds produced only round and tall seeds in F1 generation but in F2 generation the combination observed are
Round tall 9 parental combinations
Round short 3 parental combinations
Wrinkled tall 3 parental combination
Wrinkled short 1 parental combination
So, the correct option is '1/16'
Question 4
1 / -0

According to the theory of acquired inheritance which one is correct?

A
If a man loses his hand, then his children will also be missing a hand.

B
Organisms are able to bring about a change in their phenotype.

C
Changes in phenotype are passed on by way of the genotype to the next generation.

D
All of the above
Question 5
1 / -0

Experiment to prove that synthesis of organic compounds formed the basis of origin of life was performed by :

A
Oparin

B
Haldane

C
Miller

D
Fox

Solution

Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey in 1953, assembled an atmosphere similar to that thought to exist on early earth (this had molecules like ammonia, methane and hydrogen sulphide, but no oxygen) over water. This was maintained at a temperature just below 100°C and sparks were passed through the mixture of gases to simulate lightning. At the end of a week, 15% of the carbon (from methane) had been converted to simple compounds of carbon including amino acids which make up protein molecules.
Question 6
1 / -0

Darwinism explains all except:

A
Within each species there are variations.

B
Variations are inherited from parents to offspring through genes.

C
Organisms tend to produce more offspring than can survive.

D
Organisms with better traits that overcome competition are best suited under the environment.
Solution
answer:
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
One of Darwin's theory's key flaws is the lack of understanding about inheritance.
Darwin's 'Origin of Species' does not mention the genetic basis of evolution or the source of variations.
Mendel's discovery of genes and characteristics was the first time genetics could be linked to evolution.
Hence, Darwinism explains all except variations are inherited from parents to offspring through genes.
Question 7
1 / -0

On crossing two heterozygous tall plants (Tt), a total of 500 plants were obtained in $$F_1$$ generation. What will be the respective number of tall and dwarf plants obtained in the $$F_1$$ generation?

A
375, 125

B
250, 250

C
475, 25

D
350, 150
Solution
- The crossing between two heterozygous plants is as shown in the image:
- The phenotypic ratio of a heterozygous monohybrid cross is 3:1 (Dominant: Recessive)
- So, if plants obtained were 500, then the respective number of tall and dwarf plants will be 375 tall and 125 dwarf, as this 375:125 (Tall: Dwarf) represents the typical 3:1 phenotypic ratio.
So, the correct answer is option 'A'.
Question 8
1 / -0

In a dihybrid cross, $$f_2$$ generation offsprings show four different phenotypes, while the genotypes are of .......... types.

A
Six

B
Nine

C
Eight

D
Sixteen

Solution

In a dihybrid cross, we get 9:3:3:1 as phenotypic ratio which indicates 4 phenotypes. We also get a genotypic ratio of 1:2:2:1:4:1:2:2:1 which provides 9 genotypes.
So the correct answer is 9.
Question 9
1 / -0

A man having the genotype EEFfGgHH can produce P number of genetically different sperms, and a woman of genotype IiLLMmNn can generate Q number of genetically different eggs. Determine the values of P and Q.

A
P = 4, Q = 4

B
P = 4, Q = 8

C
P = 8, Q = 4

D
P = 8, Q = 8

Solution

Types of gametes = $$2^n$$; where n is the number of heterozygous loci.
Here, the man has 2 heterozygous loci
Therefore, man will produce $$2^2 \, = \, 4$$ types of gametes.
And, the woman has 3 heterozygous loci
Therefore, she will produce $$2^3 \, = \, 8$$ types of gametes.
Thus, the values of P=4 and Q=8
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

In garden pea plant, a pure line with round seeds(RR) is crossed with a pure line having wrinkled seeds (rr). The ratio of round seed plants to wrinkled seed plants in $$F_2$$ generation will be?

A
$$1:2$$

B
$$2:1$$

C
$$1:3$$

D
$$3:1$$

Solution

A cross between homozygous round seeds plant (RR) and homozygous wrinkled seeds plant (rr) will produce heterozygous (Rr) round seeds plants as F1 generation. The selfing of $$F_1$$ will give $$F_2$$ generation, where there will be one homozygous dominant round seed plant (RR), two heterozygous round seed plants (Rr) and 1 homozygous recessive wrinkled seed plant (rr). Phenotypically, there will be 3 round seed plants and 1 wrinkled seed plant. Hence, the correct answer is ‘3:1’.

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 39

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Heredity and Evolution Test - 39

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Question 1

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (ii) only

(iii) only

(i) and (iii) only

Solution

Question 2

No evolution

Parallel evolution

Natural selection

Common descent

Solution

Question 3

0

$$\displaystyle \frac {1}{16}$$

$$\displaystyle \frac {1}{2}$$

$$\displaystyle \frac {9}{16}$$

Solution

Question 4

If a man loses his hand, then his children will also be missing a hand.

Organisms are able to bring about a change in their phenotype.

Changes in phenotype are passed on by way of the genotype to the next generation.

All of the above

Question 5

Oparin

Haldane

Miller

Fox

Solution

Question 6

Within each species there are variations.

Variations are inherited from parents to offspring through genes.

Organisms tend to produce more offspring than can survive.

Organisms with better traits that overcome competition are best suited under the environment.

Solution

Question 7

375, 125

250, 250

475, 25

350, 150

Solution

Question 8

Six

Nine

Eight

Sixteen

Solution

Question 9

P = 4, Q = 4

P = 4, Q = 8

P = 8, Q = 4

P = 8, Q = 8

Solution

Question 10

$$1:2$$

$$2:1$$

$$1:3$$

$$3:1$$

Solution

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