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The Living World Test - 15

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The Living World Test - 15
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0

    In nature, the biologically cohesive unit among the taxa is

    Solution

    (a) Amongst all the kingdoms in the nature, the only taxon that exist as biologically cohesive unit is species.

    (b) Species is the basic unit of taxonomic classification. It contains organisms with least general character.

    These are interbreeding organisms but are genetically distinct.

  • Question 2
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    A group of related genera which resemble each other in floral characteristics represent

    Solution

    The taxon that consists of related genera is Family.

    Example, family Malvaceae consist of genus Gossypium, Hibiscus, Abulmuschus etc.

  • Question 3
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    The generic name of mango is

    Solution

    (i) Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, is a species of flowering plant in the sumac and poison ivy family Anacardiaceae.

    (ii) It is native to the Indian subcontinent where it is indigenous. Hundreds of cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm regions of the world.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    Animals with built-in thermostat are

    Solution

    The hypothalamus controls the body's responses to the outside temperature. When you get hot, you sweat. Hence Animals with built-in thermostats are Homeothermic.

  • Question 5
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    National Botanical Institute is located in

    Solution

    (a) Nation Botanical Institute is located in Lucknow. It is engaged in the field of taxonomy and modern biology.

    (b) Initially engaged in research work in the classical botanical disciplines, the National Botanical Institute went on laying an increasing emphasis in keeping with the national needs and priorities in the field of plant sciences, on its applied and developmental research activities.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0

    Total heat content of a system is

    Solution

    The total heat content of a system at constant pressure is equal to the sum of the internal energy and PV.

    This is called the enthalpy of a system which is represented by H. Note that enthalpy is also called heat content.

  • Question 7
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    Two similar holotypes are called

    Solution

    (a) A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.

    (b) An isotype is a duplicate of the holotype and is often made for plants, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering.

    Hence Two similar holotypes are called isotypes

  • Question 8
    1 / -0

    The term species was given by

    Solution

    John Ray is a person who coined the term "Species". He was a well-known English naturalist.

    He was among the first to attempt a 'biological definition' for the concept of species. Before the word species was termed as just some kind of organism. Then, this meaning was given by John Ray.

  • Question 9
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    ICZN was adopted in

    Solution

    ICZN was adopted in 1964 with an object to assign a unique and scientific name of every taxon, it also regulates how these naming will be documented and used in literature.

    They provide universality in the naming or nomenclature.

  • Question 10
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    Maize is a

    Solution

    Maize (called corn in some countries) is Zea mays, a member of the grass family Poaceae. It is a cereal grain which was first grown by people in ancient Central America. It is now the third most important cereal crop in the world. Maize is a leafy stalk whose kernels have seeds inside.

  • Question 11
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    Number of obligate categories is

    Solution

    The hierarchy includes seven obligate categories - kingdom, division or phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.

  • Question 12
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    Entropy is a

    Solution

    Entropy the measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Because work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder, or randomness, of a system.

  • Question 13
    1 / -0

    According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total amount of energy in the universe

    Solution

    The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but energy can change from one form to another.

  • Question 14
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    Assertion: The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy.

    Reason: Systematics and taxonomy have same meaning.

    (A) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion

    (B) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.

    (C) If the assertion is true but the reason is false

    (D) If both the assertion and reason are false

    Solution

    Taxonomy is the science of identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms. But taxonomy and systematics are different terms. Systematic is the branch of biology that deals with diversity of organisms at every level of classification.

  • Question 15
    1 / -0

    Conversion of blastula into gastrula is

    Solution

    (a) During formation of gastrula, cells migrate to the interior of the blastula, subsequently forming two (in diploblastic animals) or three (triploblastic) germ layers.

    (b) Morphogenesis is the process that causes an organism to develop its shape.

    (c) Development of germ layers in gastrula is an example of morphogenesis as here germ layers later determine various tissue differentiation, their relative arrangements and shape of organs.

  • Question 16
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    The Common characteristics between tomato and potato will be maximum at the level of their

    Solution

    The common characteristics between tomato and potato will be maximum at the level of their family. The family includes the Datura or Jimson weed, eggplant, mandrake, deadly nightshade or belladonna, capsicum (paprika, Chile pepper), potato, tobacco, tomato and petunia.

  • Question 17
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    Need for a proper system of classification arises because

    Solution

    Classification helps in understanding diverse varieties of organisms and also gives an idea about the origin and evolution of organisms which are morphologically similar.

    Classification is needed:

    (i) For convenient study of living organisms.

    (ii) For specific identification of various organisms.

    (iii) To integrate the idea of life by studying new representatives from each group.

    (iv) To study about evolutionary relationship by establishing the gradually increasing complexities in group of plants and animals.

  • Question 18
    1 / -0

    The highest category in taxonomy is

    Solution

    According to the taxonomical hierarchy, the kingdom is the highest category in biological classification. It is a group of closely related organisms.

    Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.

    Example: All plants have common features of the autotrophic mode of nutrition and the presence of a cell wall made up of cellulose. Hence, they belong to the kingdom Plantae.

  • Question 19
    1 / -0

    The lowest category in taxonomic hierarchy is

    Solution

    (a) Species is a group of actually or potentially inbreeding population reproductively isolated from other such groups.

    (b) It is the lowest taxonomic characteristics.

    Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

    It consists of individuals which have fundamental similarities and can be distinguished from other closely related species due to distinct morphological characters.

  • Question 20
    1 / -0

    The most abundant compound in living cells is

    Solution

    Water is the most abundant substance of living beings. In adult human body 20-22 liters (50% of the total) is present inside the cells as intracellular water.

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