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Transport in Plants Test - 28

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Transport in Plants Test - 28
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following plant tissue of a tree has the lowest water potential?
    Solution
    Water potential depends on the number or concentration of water molecules. More the number of water molecules in a system, higher will be the water potential. Water always flows from a region of higher to a region of lower water potential. In a plant, water moves from roots to leaves through xylem. Hence, leaves will have lower water potential than root cells or xylem. Water potential is decided by the relative concentration of water molecules in the system, not by exposure to light or darkness.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Root hair cells under ordinary conditions typically have a $$\Psi$$ in the range of
    Solution
    $$\Psi$$ refers to the water potential. Water potential is the chemical free energy of water in its purest form. The concept of water potential was given by Staylor and Taylor. Water potential can be determined by the diffusion pressure deficit (DPD). The water potential of a solution is always negative. Root hair cells are developed in outer part of roots. Under ordinary conditions, root hair cells have water potential ($$\Psi$$) in the range of -1 to -2 bars.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The highest value of $$\Psi$$ is____________
    Solution
    Water potential depends on the number or concentration of water molecules. More the number of water molecules in a system, the higher will be the water potential. Hence, pure water has the highest water potential. By convention water potential of pure water has been fixed as zero. This means that water potential of any solution will always be negative.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    Which of the following phenomenon is exhibited by the figure above?

    Solution
    Osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent or water from a region or solution having its higher concentration to a region or solution having its lower concentration. Osmosis does not describe the movement of solute particles. In the figure, the solute particles are not moving and only the movement of solvent particles is depicted. Hence, the figure shows the process of osmosis.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    0.1 M solution of a solute has a water potential of
    Solution
    The water potential can be calculated by the formula nRT, where n is number of moles, R the standard gas constant and T is standard temperature in Kelvin. Substituting the values of R (0.08314 lit bar per kelvin per more ), T (273 kelvin), n (0.1 moles) we get water potential 2.2 bars. As water potential of all solutions is always negative the correct answer will be -2.2 bars.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Match the following.
    A. Crystals of $$CuSO_4$$ in water
    		(p) Imbibition
    B. Doors swelled in rainy season
    		(q) Diffusion
    C. Grapes placed in water
    		(r) Guttation
    D. Water droplets on leaf margins
    		(s) Endosmosis
    Solution
    • Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. It is a physical process e.g., few crystals of copper sulphate are placed in water after some time the molecules of copper sulphate will get evenly distributed in the entire solvent. 
    • Imbibition is the absorption of water by the dry surface. In the rainy season wooden doors, furniture, window, frames, etc., imbibe water as lots of moisture is present in the air and hence, doors swelled. Hence, we cover the surface of wooden furniture and windows and doors, etc., with paint, varnish, etc. to cut off their contact with water.
    • Grapes placed in water will gain water and swell due to the process of endosmosis because in endosmosis the water will flow from a region of its higher concentration, i.e., outside to a region of its lower concentration, i.e., inside the grapes.
    • Loss of water from plant parts like a leaf in the liquid state is released, called guttation. It occurs through hydathodes. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the unit of measurement of water potential?
    Solution
    Water potential depends on the number of water molecules in the system. More the number of water molecules in the system, greater the water potential. Hence, water potential of pure water is maximum. The water potential of pure water is assumed to be zero. So water potential of all solutions is negative. Water potential is measured in units of pressure, e.g., Pascal.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements are true/false?
    (a) The positive hydrostatic pressure is called as turgor pressure.
    (b) Wall pressure exerts to prevent the increase of protoplasm size.
    (c) Diffusion is more rapid in liquids than in gases.
    (d) Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called as imbibition.
    (e) Osmosis is movement of substances, which takes place along a diffusion gradient.
    Solution
    Turgor pressure is the positive hydrostatic pressure applied by protoplasm on the cell wall when protoplasm swells due to an increase in volume caused due to endosmosis.
    When protoplasm applies turgor pressure on the wall, the wall applies an equal and opposite wall pressure on to the protoplasm.
    Diffusion is a slow physical process, which describes the movement of substances along the concentration gradient. It occurs in all three states of matter and its rate does not changes with the physical state of substance.
    Imbibition is a physical surface adsorption of solvent onto the matrix or adsorbing surface.
    The statement 'e' is wrong, because osmosis is the movement of water not substances. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Swelling of wooden doors during rainy season is due to
    Solution
    Imbibition is the physical adsorption of water or moisture. A common example is swelling of wooden furniture, doors, windows and frames of doors and windows, because of adsorption of moisture due to imbibition. Thus, we apply paint, varnish and polish on wooden furniture and doors and windows to cut off direct access to the wooden surface to moisture.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Reverse osmosis refers to
    Solution
    • In natural osmosis, solvent particles move from lesser concentrated solution to more concentrated solution.
    • But, in the case of Reverse osmosis, external pressure is applied (which is greater than the natural osmotic pressure of solvent molecules) which forces the solvent particles to move from the higher concentrated solution to a lower concentrated solution.
    • Hence retaining the solute on one side and allowing the pure solvent to pass to the other side.
      Hence, the correct option is A.

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