Transport in Plants Test

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Transport in Plants Test - 35

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Question 1
1 / -0

All the following involves osmosis, except

A
Movement of water from soil to root.

B
Movement of water from root hair to endodermis and pericycle.

C
Movement of water between xylem elements.

D
Movement of water from xylem to mesophyll cells of the leaves.

Solution

Osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent or water along the concentration gradient across living semi permeable membrane. Osmosis is thus a physiological process. Xylary elements (vessels and tracheids) are non living and hence water movement through them is a physical process. Movement of water in xylem occurs due to physical forces, like suction pull and surface tension as in case of capillary rise of liquid.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

0.1 M solution has water potential of

A
-2.43 bars

B
0 bar

C
22.4 bars

D
+2.3 bars

Solution

Water potential of all solutions is negative because water potential of pure water is maximum which is zero.
Magnitude of water potential can be worked out by relation PV = nRT
Here, n is the number of moles, R the universal gas constant and T the temperature in kelvin.
We can substitute the value of T as 298, n as 0.1 and R as .08314 and find out the value of water potential.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
1 / -0

The water potential and osmotic potential of pure water is respectively

A
100 and 0

B
0 and 0

C
100 and 200

D
0 and 100

Solution

Water potential is the chemical potential of water, which depends on the number of water molecules in the solution. More the number of water molecules in the solution more the water potential.
By convention, water potential of pure water is assumed to be zero, so that water potential of all solutions is negative. The osmotic potential is the potential due to dissolved solutes.
More the number of dissolved solute particles, more the osmotic potential. In pure water the number of dissolved solute particles is zero, hence the osmotic potential is zero.
Question 4
1 / -0

The concept of water potential was propounded by

A
Robert mayer

B
Abbe Nollet

C
Slatyer and Taylor

D
Levitt

Solution

Water potential is the chemical potential of water. Its value depends on the number of water molecules in the system. More the water molecules more the water potential. Water potential of pure water is maximum and is zero. Water potential of all solutions is negative. The concept of water potential was propounded by Slatyer and Taylor.
Question 5
1 / -0

Solute potential can be expressed as

A
$$\Psi s\, =\, -\, OP$$

B
$$\Psi s\, =\, OP$$

C
$$OP\, -\, \Psi s\, =\, 0$$

D
$$\displaystyle \frac{\Psi s}{OP}\, =\, 0$$

Solution

Solute potential is one component of water potential. Solute potential is due to presence of solute particles in the solution. In magnitude it is same as osmotic pressure but opposite in sign.
Question 6
1 / -0

The direction of the water flow in given cells X, Y and Z can be represented as

A
$$X \rightarrow\, Y\, \leftarrow\, Z$$.

B
$$X\, \rightarrow\, Y\, \rightarrow\, Z$$.

C
$$X\, \leftarrow\, Y\, \leftarrow\, Z$$.

D
$$X\, \leftarrow\, Y\, \rightarrow\, Z$$.

Solution

Water flows from high water potential to low water potential. Water potential can be calculated as algebraic sum of (negative) solute potential and (positive) pressure potential. The pressure potential is quantitatively same as turgor pressure. Thus, the water potential of three cells X, Y and Z respectively works out to be -20, -30 and -10 units.
It is clear that water from cell Z can flow to either cell X or cell Y. But the cell Z is in direct contact with cell Y so water from cell Z will flow to cell Y. Similarly cell X and Y are in close contact and water potential of cell X is greater; so water will move from cell X to cell Y.
Question 7
1 / -0

The solute potential can be determined in a simple manner by

A
Water potential

B
DPD

C
Osmotic pressure

D
Suction pressure

Solution

Solute potential is the potential developed due to solute particles. More the solute particles, higher the solute potential. Solute potential is a component of water potential. In terms of diffusion pressure deficit, solute potential is same as osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the pressure due to which osmosis occurs. The osmotic pressure is caused due to dissolved solute particles in the solution.
Question 8
1 / -0

If three cells X, Y and Z are joined to each other and their solute potential and turgor pressure values are given in the figure; then demonstrate the direction of flow of water in this system.

A

B

C

D

Solution

Water potential in a system depends on the number of water molecules. Water always flows from high water potential to low water potential. We can calculate water potential in a system by the algebraic sum of solute potential and pressure potential. Thus water potential in cells X, Y and Z works out to be respectively -25, -10 and -15 units. This indicates the movement of water shall be from Y to X and Y to Z. From Z water shall flow to X.
Question 9
1 / -0

If solute is added in a given solution, then what observation can be made?

A
Its DPD decreases.

B
Its water potential decreases.

C
DPD and water potential remains unchanged.

D
Its water potential increases.

Solution

Water potential is also called as chemical potential. Its value depends on the relative number of water molecules. More the number of water molecules, more the water potential of a solution. As per convention pure water has zero water potential. Thus, all solutions have a negative value of water potential. Whenever a solute is added to water, there is a decrease in water potential.
Question 10
1 / -0

Percentage of water left in the soil when a plant begins to wilt is known as

A
Wilting coefficient

B
pH value of soil

C
Field capacity

D
Water holding cpacity

Solution

Water held tightly by soil particles around them is called as hygroscopic water. It is held in a very thin film and is not available to plants. Plants are able to absorb capillary water, which is present in the capillary spaces between soil particles. Run away water is also not available to plants.
Field capacity denotes total water content in a field including hygroscopic water, capillary water and chemically bound water.
The percentage of water left in soil when plants begin to wilt is called as wilting coefficient. At wilting coefficient soil contains hygroscopic and chemically bound water.
So, the correct answer is 'Wilting coefficient'