Transport in Plants Test

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Transport in Plants Test - 45

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Question 1
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What happens during endosmosis? Choose the correct answer from the following.

A
Water molecules diffuse from lower water potential to higher water potential.

B
Water molecules diffuse from higher water potential to lower water potential.

C
Water molecules move from a solution towards pure water.

D
Water molecules move from cell towards its exterior.

Solution

The inward flow of liquid through the semi-permeable membrane of a cell is called endosmosis.
Raisins, dry grapes when soaked in water overnight become plump due to endosmosis. This happens because water has a lower concentration as compared to the raisins which have a higher concentration.
Or in other words, the water gets diffused from a higher water potential (surrounding) to lower water potential (raisins).
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
Question 2
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Study the following table showing the components of water potential of three mesophyll cells A, B and C.
Cell
Osmotic potential (Mpa)
Pressure potential (Mpa)
A
B
C
-0.6
-0.5
-0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4
If the above cells are in direct contact with each other, than the water moves at the lowest rate between the two mesophyll cells.

A
C$$\rightarrow $$B

B
B$$\rightarrow $$C

C
B$$\rightarrow $$A

D
A$$\rightarrow $$C

Solution

Osmosis is the movement of water from regions of higher potential to the regions of lower potential. Net diffusion of water occurs from regions of less negative potential to one or more negative potential and continues until the potential becomes equal. Osmotic potential is solute potential which decreases when water is added to the solution. Pressure potential represents the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the water in a cell. Pressure potential is positive in case of the turgid cell.
In the given question, the net potential in A cell is -0.6 + o.2 =. -0.4, In cell B is -0.5. + o.3 = -0.2 and In cell C is - 0.9 + 0.4 = - 0.5.
Cell A and C have the least potential difference of 0.1, and A has more pressure than C, therefore the water moves at the lowest rate from A to C.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
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Which of the following is true for cells placed in distilled water?

A
The cells remains unchanged.

B
Water moves from inside of the cell to the outside.

C
Water moves from outsides of the cell to the inside.

D
The cells shrink.

E
The cells dissolve.

Solution

The presence of metabolites and salts make the cell’s interior hypertonic as compared to distilled water. Hence, when placed in distilled water, water will enter through the cell membrane of the cell causing it to increase in size and swell. If the cell was placed in a hypertonic solution, it would shrink due to movement of water from inside of the cell to outside. Thus, the correct answer is C.
Question 4
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Which of these describes the condition that will occur, when a human blood cell is placed in a $$10$$% solution of sodium chloride?

A
Water will rush into the cell and the cell will burst.

B
Water will rush out of the cell and the cell will shrivel.

C
Water will continue to move into and out of the cell with no overall effect upon the cell.

D
Water will first rush into the cell and then be forced back out again.

E
Water will rush in, filling the vacuole and making the cell turgid.

Solution

A 10% sodium chloride solution is hypertonic to the human blood cell i.e. concentration of the solution is higher outside the cell. This causes a difference in osmotic potential of the solution outside and inside the blood cell. Thus, concentrated solution means water potential is lower outside the cell. Since water moves from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential, water will move out of the cell and the cell will become plasmolysed.
So, the correct answer is 'Water will rush out of the cell and the cell will shrivel'.
Question 5
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Which of the following elements of the phloem is responsible for conducting sugar?

A
Companion cells

B
Parenchyma cells

C
Sieve tube

D
None of the above
Solution
- The sieve tubes are the conducting vessels in the phloem tissue.
- These are the long tube-like cells that have perforated transverse plates. These are the cells that are responsible for the conduction of food.
- The sugar is transported through the phloem vessels from the source end (leaves) to the sink end (roots).
Thus the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
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An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of concentration on the rate of diffusion. A student filled six dialysis bags with different concentrations of salt solutions and placed each of them in a separate beaker of distilled water.
Dialysis bags model the selective permeability of cell membranes and allow small molecules, ions and water to pass through according to the surrounding concentration gradient. A conductivity probe was used to measure the change in concentration of ions in the beaker over time.

Which curve on the graph below accurately predicts the rate of diffusion as a function of salinity?

A
A

B
B

C
C

D
D

Solution

The dialysis bag is placed in a hypotonic solution (distilled water), and not dialysing fluid for the passive movement of ions from the bag into the beaker. Even if the salt concentration is increased there would be movement of water from the beaker into the bag, but no movement of ions from the bag into the beaker. Therefore the rate of diffusion of ions will be near to zero
So, the correct answer is 'D'
Question 7
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'A' and 'B' are two adjacent living cells. The cell 'A' has solute potential $$(\Psi _s)$$ of
-9 bars and pressure potential $$(\Psi _p)$$ of 4 bars, whereas cell 'B' has solute potential $$(\Psi _s)$$ of
-8 bars and pressure potential $$(\Psi _p)$$ of 5 bars. What will be the direction of water movement between these cells?

A
Cell A to Cell B

B
Cell B to Cell A

C
Do not move in any direction.

D
Moves in both the directions.

Solution

By convention, the water potential of pure water is given the value zero. Whenever a solute is added to water, there is a decrease in water potential.
Water potential is calculated by using the following formula -
Water potential (Ψ) = pressure potential (Ψp) + solute potential (Ψs).
Thus, water potential for cell A is -5 bars and water potential of cell B is -3 bars.
Water flows from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. In this case, water will flow from cell B, which has a water potential of - 3 bars to cell A, which has a water potential of - 5 bars.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
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A cell membrane regulates which substances can enter and leave the cell based upon their size and polarity. Which mode of the cell transport is the movement of water down its concentration gradient?

A
Facilitated diffusion

B
Osmosis

C
Simple diffusion

D
Passive transport

E
Active transport

Solution

A. Facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of molecules along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins known as channel proteins or carrier proteins.
B. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable or a differentially permeable membrane along the concentration gradient.
C. Simple diffusion is the net movement of particles of a substance from a region of greater or higher concentration to a region of lower concentration due to their own intrinsic kinetic energy.
D. In Passive transport, molecules are carried from a higher concentration to a lower concentration along the concentration gradient without the utilisation of ATP.
E. In Active transport, molecules are carried from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient with the utilisation of ATP.
So, the correct answer is Osmosis.
Question 9
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Which of the following is not correct in mass flow hypothesis?

A
The sugar is moved bidirectionally

B
Loading of the phloem sets up a water potential gradient that facilitates the mass movement in the phloem

C
As hydrostatic pressure in the phloem sieve tube increases pressure flow stops and sap is accumulated in phloem

D
The sugar which is transported is sucrose
Solution
- Phloem is a conducting tissue that conducts the prepared food from the source to sink.
- The increase in the solute in the phloem increases the solute potential of the sieve tubes and creates a gradient that draws water into the cells from the adjacent xylem.
- This increases the hydrostatic pressure in the phloem which helps in the translocation of food from source to sink.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
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Consider the following statements and select the correct one:
Statement (A): Pure water has maximum water potential.
Statement (B): The osmotic potential is zero in pure water

A
Both statements are correct and (B) is not the reason for (A)

B
Both statements are wrong

C
Both statements are correct and (B) is the reason for (A)

D
Both statements are correct
Solution
- Water potential is the potential energy of water per unit volume with respect to pure water on the addition of solute the water potential decreases.
- As pure water has negligible solutes so it has maximum water potential.
- Osmotic potential is the ability of the water to move from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution across a semi-permeable membrane.
- So, pure water has zero osmotic potential as when there is lesser solute the water is less likely to move by osmosis.
So, the correct answer is option C.

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Cell	Osmotic potential (Mpa)	Pressure potential (Mpa)
A B C	-0.6 -0.5 -0.9	0.2 0.3 0.4

Transport in Plants Test - 45

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Transport in Plants Test - 45

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Question 1

Water molecules diffuse from lower water potential to higher water potential.

Water molecules diffuse from higher water potential to lower water potential.

Water molecules move from a solution towards pure water.

Water molecules move from cell towards its exterior.

Solution

Question 2

C$$\rightarrow $$B

B$$\rightarrow $$C

B$$\rightarrow $$A

A$$\rightarrow $$C

Solution

Question 3

The cells remains unchanged.

Water moves from inside of the cell to the outside.

Water moves from outsides of the cell to the inside.

The cells shrink.

The cells dissolve.

Solution

Question 4

Water will rush into the cell and the cell will burst.

Water will rush out of the cell and the cell will shrivel.

Water will continue to move into and out of the cell with no overall effect upon the cell.

Water will first rush into the cell and then be forced back out again.

Water will rush in, filling the vacuole and making the cell turgid.

Solution

Question 5

Companion cells

Parenchyma cells

Sieve tube

None of the above

Solution

Question 6

A

B

C

D

Solution

Question 7

Cell A to Cell B

Cell B to Cell A

Do not move in any direction.

Moves in both the directions.

Solution

Question 8

Facilitated diffusion

Osmosis

Simple diffusion

Passive transport

Active transport

Solution

Question 9

The sugar is moved bidirectionally

Loading of the phloem sets up a water potential gradient that facilitates the mass movement in the phloem

As hydrostatic pressure in the phloem sieve tube increases pressure flow stops and sap is accumulated in phloem

The sugar which is transported is sucrose

Solution

Question 10

Both statements are correct and (B) is not the reason for (A)

Both statements are wrong

Both statements are correct and (B) is the reason for (A)

Both statements are correct

Solution

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