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Mineral Nutrition Test - 37

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 37
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Apcial bud death and poor growth occurs because of
    Solution
    In plants with poor boron mobility, boron deficiency results in necrosis of meristematic tissues in the growing region, leading to loss of apical dominance (due to apical bud death) and the development of a rosette condition. These deficiency symptoms are similar to those caused by calcium deficiency. In plants in which boron is readily transported in the phloem, the deficiency symptoms localize in the mature tissues, similar to those of nitrogen and potassium. 
    Both the pith and the epidermis of stems may be affected, often resulting in hollow or roughened stems along with necrotic spots on the fruit. The leaf blades develop a pronounced crinkling and there is a darkening and crackling of the petioles often with exudation of syrupy material from the leaf blade. The leaves are unusually brittle and tend to break easily. These symptoms lead to generally poor growth.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a flowering plant with nodules containing filamentous nitrogen-fixing microorganism?
    Solution
    Plants cannot directly absorb atmospheric nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is a process of conversion of inert atmospheric nitrogen into utilizable compounds of nitrogen, like nitrates, nitrite and ammonia. 
    Important symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are rod-shaped Rhizobium in root nodules and Aero rhizobium in stem nodules. Filamentous Frankia occurs in root nodules of Casuarina and Alnus (or Alder).
    So, the correct answer is 'Casuarina equisetifolia'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a free living nitrogen fixing bacteria?
    Solution
    Paenibacillus polymyxa is capable of fixing nitrogen. The species may also be known as Bacillus polymyxa. It is used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. Biofilms of it growing on plant roots have been shown to produce exo-polysaccharides, which protect the plants from pathogens. The interactions between this bacterial species and plant roots also cause the root hairs to undergo physical changes.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following elements in plants is not mobilised?
    Solution
    Calcium along with sulphur is most immobile element present in plants. Hence, deficiency symptoms of calcium and sulphur are first seen in young leaves. Calcium is present in the cell wall as calcium pectate, which cannot be readily mobilised. Hence, calcium is an immobile element.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    VAM is seen in
    Solution
    VAM fungi (vasicular arbuscular mycorrhizae) are endomycorrhizae because their hyphae form branched, tree-shaped structures known as arbuscules inside the root cells. These arbuscules are the sites of nutrient exchange between the plant and the fungus. They are found as symbionts in grasses which makes option D correct. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    For synthesis of chlorophyll in plants, elements needed are
    Solution
    Chlorophyll molecules are light trapping green pigments in plants. They are made up of a cyclic tetrapyrrole head and a long phytol tail attached to the head. One atom of magnesium is directly coordinated to the four pyrrole rings in the cyclic tetrapyrrole head. Thus, magnesium is an important structural component of chlorophyll molecules. The iron is an essential micronutrient for plants. It is required for synthesis of chlorophyll and has several other functions also. Plants also require an exposure to light in order to synthesize chlorophyll. In absence of light, plants will be thin and pale. Such plants are called as etiolated plants.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following element is a component of ferredoxin?
    Solution
    Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants. It is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis and also as cofactor for activity of several enzymes, like catalase. Iron is also a component of several proteins used in electron transport system, where it undergoes reversible redox reactions and serve as electron carrier. 
    Ferredoxins are small proteins containing iron and sulfur atoms organized as iron-sulfur clusters. These biological "capacitors" can accept or discharge electrons, the effect being change in the oxidation states of the iron atoms. This way, ferredoxin acts as electron transfer agents in biological redox reactions.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Anabaena is associated with Azolla's
    Solution
    Anabaena, belongs to the genus of nitrogen-fixing blue green algae. It is made up of beadlike or barrel-like cells, there are interspersed enlarged spores (heterocysts) and are found in shallow water and on moist soil.  While most of the nitrofgen fixing bacteria are found to be living symbiotically in root noodles of legumes. Anabaena is found living inside the ovoid cavities, inside the leaves of Azolla.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following organism derives energy for $${ N }_{ 2 }$$ fixation by performing photosynthesis?
    Solution
    Anabaena-Azollae is a small filamentous phototrophic cyanobacteria generally seen as a multicellular organism with two distinct, interdependent cell types. It is a small, circular, photoautotrophic vegetative cell that performs oxygenic photosynthesis and is typically blue green in color. Since it is a phototrophic cyanobacteria, it derives energy for N$$_{2}$$ fixation by performing photosynthesis. Thus, option A is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Who discovered chlorophyll?
    Solution
    • Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
    • The chloro portion of the word chlorophyll is from the Greek chloros, which means yellowish-green, and phyllon, which means leaf.
    • Chlorophyll was first isolated by Joseph Bienaim Caventou (1795-1877) and Pierre Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) in 1817.
      Hence, correct option is C.
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