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Mineral Nutrition Test - 40

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 40
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following elements is present in chlorophylls?
    Solution
    Chlorophylls are light harvesting green pigments. 
    Chemically, chlorophylls comprise of a porphyrin head to which is attached a long phytol tail. The porphyrin head comprises of a cyclic tetrapyrrole structure to which a magnesium atom is coordinated. 
    The magnesium and iron are the minerals required for chlorophyll biosynthesis. Chlorophyll biosynthesis also requires presence of light.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Non-symbiotic $$N_{2}$$ fixer is 
    Solution
    Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation is carried out by free living organisms in the soil, such as bacteria and bluegreen algae. Bacteria include aerobic bacteria such as Azotobacter and anaerobic bacteria, such as Clostridium, Chlorobium and Chromatium. 
    Blue green algae include Chroococcus, Rivularia, Anabaena, Tolypothrix and Nostoc. These organisms contain an enzyme system called as Nitrogenase, which is a Mo-Fe (Molybdenum-ferredoxin) protein. This progressively reduces the dinitrogen molecules to form ammonia, with the help of ferredoxin and energy from ATP.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is symbiotic bacteria?
    Solution
    Rhizobium is the common microaerophilic root nodule bacteria, which forms nodules in roots of legume plants. This is a symbiotic association. The bacteria obtains reduced coenzymes from plants and in turn plant gets nitrogen rich compounds from bacteria.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Magnesium is found in
    Solution
    Magnesium is an essential plant macronutrient. It is  a component of green pigment chlorophyll. 
    Chlorophylls have a porphyrin head and a long phytol tail. The porphyrin head is a cyclic tetrapyrrole structure in which four pyrrole rings are coordinated to central magnesium atom. 
    Deficiency of magnesium leads to interveinal chlorosis, i.e., yellowing of leaves and other plant parts.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not a trace element?
    Solution
    A chemical element  is absorbed by the plants in small amount is called as trace element which is essential for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the plants. Chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium, zinc all are the example of trace elements. Magnesium (Mg) is a macronutrient. Hence option C is correct.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The disease related with deficiency of molybdenum is
    Solution
    Molybdenum has an important role to play in the metabolism of nitrogen. It affects the synthesis of ascorbic acid. It activates the enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. 
    Deficiency symptoms of molybdenum include-
    i. It leads to mottling and wilting of leaves at the margins causing yellow spot disease of citrus.
    ii. Whiptail disease in cauliflowers, causing narrowing of leaf blades and their rugged appearance due to distortion.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Die back disease in citrus is due to deficiency of
    Solution
    Copper is required in all plant parts. Copper forms a component of enzymes, such as phenolases and tyrosinase. 
    Copper being a constituent of plastocyanin plays a role in photophosphorylation. Copper maintains the carbohydrate-nitrogen balance. 
    Deficiency symptoms of copper are-
    i. Causes die back of shoots especially in Citrus.
    ii. A disease called as exanthema, causes the yield of gums on the bark.
    iii. Reclamation disease is caused in plants growing on newly reclaimed soil, where seed formation is affected.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Leguminous plants are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Which one of the following statement is not correct during this process of nitrogen fixation?
    Solution
    Solution :
    The correct answer is option C.
    The solution for the correct answer is ,
    • The first statement states that Nitrogenase does not react with oxygen. This statement is incorrect. 
    • Because the enzyme nitrogenase is highly sensitive to cellular oxygen. 
    • The enzyme Nitrogenase requires an anaerobic environment for the nitrogen fixation process. 
    • However, it survives as an aerobic enzyme under free living conditions. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In plant metabolism, phosphorus play a major role in
    Solution
    Phosphorus is absorbed by the plants from soil in the form of phosphate ions. Phosphorus is a constituent of cell membrane, certain proteins, all nucleic acids and nucleotides, and is required for all phosphorylation reactions. Thus, it is indispensable for the process of cellular respiration. In its absence, process of respiration will stop and reduced substrates will not be oxidised to carbon dioxide and water.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Essential mineral nutrients are the elements
    Solution
    The criteria for essentiality of an element are -
    (a) The element must be absolutely necessary for supporting normal growth and reproduction. In the absence of the element the plants do not complete their life cycle or set the seeds.
    (b) The requirement of the element must be specific and not replaceable by another element. In other words, deficiency of any one element cannot be met by supplying some other element.
    (c) The element must be directly involved in the metabolism of the plant.
    Based upon the above criteria only a few elements have been found to be absolutely  essential for plant growth and metabolism. These elements are further divided into two broad categories based on their quantitative requirements.
    (i) macronutrients and (ii) micronutrients.
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