Mineral Nutrition Test

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 66

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The process that is the opposite of nitrogen fixation is

A
Nitrification

B
Denitrification

C
Ammonification

D
Nitrate reduction

Solution

The process of converting ammonium ions to nitrites or nitrates is called nitrification. Still other bacteria, called denitrifying bacteria, convert some of the nitrates in soil back into nitrogen gas in a process called denitrification. The process is the opposite of nitrogen fixation.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Denitrification.'
Question 2
1 / -0

$$N_2$$ -fixing blue-green alga Anabaena which is extensively used in rice cultivation, form symbiotic association with?

A
Cycas roots

B
Azolla

C
Anthoceros

D
Alnus

Solution

B. Azolla
Solution : The nitrogen fixing blue green algae Anabaena form symbiotic association with Azolla a kind of water floating fern. The blue green algae provides nitrogen to the fern and the fern provides habitat for the growth of algae and thus enriching the paddy fields for rice cultivation.
So the correct answer is "Azolla".
Question 3
1 / -0

Leghaemoglobin is produced in response to

A
Respiration

B
Fatty acid oxidation

C
Photosynthesis

D
$$N_2$$ -fixation

Solution

Leghaemoglobin is produced by legumes in response to the roots being colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, termed rhizobia, as part of the symbiotic interaction between plant and bacterium.
Thus, the correct answer is 'N$$_2$$ - fixation.'
Question 4
1 / -0

Which one is the correct summary equation of nitrogen fixation?

A
$$N_2 + 8e^- +8H^+ + 8ATP \rightarrow NH_3 + H_2 + 16ADP + 16Pi$$

B
$$N_2 + 8e^- +8H^+ + 16ATP \rightarrow 2NH_3 + H_2 + 16ADP + 16Pi$$

C
$$2NH_3 + 4O_2 \rightarrow 2H^+ + 2H_2O + 2NO_3$$

D
$$2NH_3 + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2NO_2 + 2H^+ + 2N_2O$$

Solution

Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into its compounds (nitrate, ammonia, amino acid). In this process, the dinitrogenase enzyme works.
N$$_2$$+8e$$^{-}$$+8H$${++}$$16ATP $$ \rightarrow$$ 2NH$$_3$$+H$$_2$$+16ADP+16Pi
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
1 / -0

Study the given figures carefully showing the development of root nodules and arrange them in a correct sequence.

A
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

B
(ii), (iii), (i), (iv)

C
(i), (iv), (iii), (ii)

D
(iv), (i), (ii), (iii)

Solution

The root nodules formation in legumes involve following events:
(i) Rhizobia multiply and colonize the surroundings of roots and get attached to epidermal and root hair cells.
(ii) The root-hairs curl and the bacteria invade the root-hair.
(iii) An infection thread is produced carrying the bacteria into the cortex of the root, where they initiate the nodule formation in the cortex of the root. Then the bacteria are released from the thread into the cells which leads to the differentiation of specialized nitrogen fixing cells.
(iv) The nodule thus formed, establishes a direct vascular connection with the host for exchange of nutrients.
Thus, the correct answer is '(i), (iv), (iii), (ii).'
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following is a non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing prokaryote?

A
Azotobacter

B
Clostridium

C
Beijerinckia

D
All of these

Solution

Two kinds of nitrogen-fixing bacteria are recognized. The first kind, the free-living (non-symbiotic) bacteria, includes the cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae), Anabaena and Nostoc and genera such as Azotobacter, Beijerinckia, and Clostridium.
Thus, the correct answers is 'All of these.'
Question 7
1 / -0

During nodule formation in leguminous plants, an infection thread is produced carrying the (i) into the (ii) of the root, where they initiate the nodule formation in the (iii) of the root.
Fill up the blanks by choosing the correct option.

A
(i) - Cyanobacteria, (ii) - Pericycle, (iii) - Cortex

B
(i) - Bacteria, (ii) - Cortex, (iii) - Cortex

C
(i) - Cyanobacteria, (ii) - Cortex , (iii) - Pericycle

D
(i) - Bacteria, (ii) - Pericycle, (iii) - Pericycle

Solution

After the bacteria (Rhizobium) evade the root hair needle. They travel up till cortex region of root where they change their shape and turn into bacteriods and start fixing atmospheric nitrogen in cortex cell of plant roots.
Thus, the correct answer is '(i) - bacteria, (ii) - cortex, (iii) - cortex.'
Question 8
1 / -0

The bacterium ____ belonging to group Actinomycetes produces $$N_2$$ -fixing nodules on the roots of non-leguminous plants(e.g. Alnus).

A
Frankia

B
Rhizobium

C
Rhodosprillum

D
Clostridium

Solution

Frankia is a Gram-positive species of actinomycete filamentous bacterium that lives in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants of the genus Alnus. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium and forms nodules on the roots of non-leguminous trees.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Frankia.'
Question 9
1 / -0

Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Rhizobium leguminosarum is also known as Bacillus radicicola.
(ii) Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas, etc) are chemoautotrophs.
(iii) Enzyme nitrogenase fixes $$N_2$$ under aerobic conditions.
(iv) Leghaemoglobin creates aerobic conditions for the enzyme nitrogenase.

A
Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

B
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct

C
Statements (iii) and (iv) are correct

D
All statements are correct

Solution

Statements I and ii are correct. Rhizobium leguminosarum is also known as Bacillus radicicola. Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas, etc) are chemoautotrophs. They use inorganic energy sources. However, the enzyme nitrogenase is highly sensitive to oxygen and gets readily oxidised in it's presence and Leghaemoglobin creates anerobic conditions for the enzyme nitrogenase by scavenging the oxygen molecules.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Statements (i) and (ii) are correct.'
Question 10
1 / -0

Leguminous plants are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Which one of the following statements is not correct for this process of nitrogen fixation?

A
Leghaemoglobin scavenges oxygen and is pinkish in colour.

B
Nodules act as sites for fixation.

C
The enzyme nitrogenase catalyses the conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3.

D
Nitrogenase is insensitive to oxygen.
Solution
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Nitrogenase is an enzyme that is sensitive to molecular oxygen.
During nitrogen fixation, the enzyme needs anaerobic conditions, although it lives as an aerobe in free-living circumstances.
Leg-haemoglobin creates an anaerobic environment for the enzyme nitrogenase.
It shields the enzyme from the effects of oxygen. It is pinkish and scavenges oxygen.
Because nodules contain essential biological components, they aid in the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.
They function as nitrogen-fixing sites.
Nitrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.
It takes 8 ATP. The energy received by the host plant's respiration.
Hence, leguminous plants can fix atmospheric nitrogen through the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation because nitrogenase is insensitive to oxygen.

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 66

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 66

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Nitrification

Denitrification

Ammonification

Nitrate reduction

Solution

Question 2

Cycas roots

Azolla

Anthoceros

Alnus

Solution

Question 3

Respiration

Fatty acid oxidation

Photosynthesis

$$N_2$$ -fixation

Solution

Question 4

$$N_2 + 8e^- +8H^+ + 8ATP \rightarrow NH_3 + H_2 + 16ADP + 16Pi$$

$$N_2 + 8e^- +8H^+ + 16ATP \rightarrow 2NH_3 + H_2 + 16ADP + 16Pi$$

$$2NH_3 + 4O_2 \rightarrow 2H^+ + 2H_2O + 2NO_3$$

$$2NH_3 + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2NO_2 + 2H^+ + 2N_2O$$

Solution

Question 5

(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

(ii), (iii), (i), (iv)

(i), (iv), (iii), (ii)

(iv), (i), (ii), (iii)

Solution

Question 6

Azotobacter

Clostridium

Beijerinckia

All of these

Solution

Question 7

(i) - Cyanobacteria, (ii) - Pericycle, (iii) - Cortex

(i) - Bacteria, (ii) - Cortex, (iii) - Cortex

(i) - Cyanobacteria, (ii) - Cortex , (iii) - Pericycle

(i) - Bacteria, (ii) - Pericycle, (iii) - Pericycle

Solution

Question 8

Frankia

Rhizobium

Rhodosprillum

Clostridium

Solution

Question 9

Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

Statements (i) and (ii) are correct

Statements (iii) and (iv) are correct

All statements are correct

Solution

Question 10

Leghaemoglobin scavenges oxygen and is pinkish in colour.

Nodules act as sites for fixation.

The enzyme nitrogenase catalyses the conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3.

Nitrogenase is insensitive to oxygen.

Solution

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