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Mineral Nutrition Test - 78

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 78
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Ectomycorrhiza are commonly found on the roots of
    Solution
    Ectomycorrhizae is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont and the roots of various plant species. It is commonly found in the roots of Pinus, Eucalyptus, Quercus etc. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The best defined role of manganese in green plants is
    Solution
    Photolysis refers to the splitting of water using light energy. It occurs during light reaction in photosynthesis in the chloroplast granum. The mineral ions essential for the process of photolysis of water are manganese, chlorine and calcium.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Root and stem nodules fixing atmospheric nitrogen are found in
    Solution
    Sesbania rostrata forms a symbiotic relationship with gram-negative Rhizobium, which leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on both stem and roots. It is mainly used as green manure to improve soil fertility due to its fast growth, high biomass production and ability to convert large amounts of atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The role of individual mineral element in plant body has been determined by growing plants with their roots immersed in nutrient solution without soil. This technique is called as
    Solution
    Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil. Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium, such as perlite or gravel. Gericke originally defined hydroponics as crop growth in mineral nutrient solutions. Hydroponics is a subset of soilless culture. Many types of soilless culture do not use the mineral nutrient solutions required for hydroponics.
    Plants that are not traditionally grown in a climate would be possible to grow using a controlled environment system like hydroponics. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Select the correct match for deficiency disease.
    Mineral
    		Diseases
    A. N
    		1. Coppery texture of leaf
    B. Mg
    		2. Premature leaf fall
    C. B
    		3. Interveinal chlorosis
    D. P
    		4. Mottled chlorosis and necrosis

    Solution
    Nitrogen is required in the largest quantity. Its deficiency leads to chlorosis and necrosis. As the deficiency progresses older leaves become uniformly yellow (chlorotic). Leaves approach a yellowish-white colour under extreme deficiency. 
    The magnesium deficient leaves show advanced interveinal chlorosis, with necrosis developing in the highly chlorotic tissue. 
    In boron deficiency, the leaf blades develop a pronounced crinkling and there is a darkening and crackling of the petioles often with exudation of syrupy material from the leaf blade. The leaves are unusually brittle and tend to break easily. They develop coppery texture. 
    As a rule, phosphorus deficiency symptoms are not very distinct and thus difficult to identify. A major visual symptom is that the plants are dwarfed or stunted due to premature leaf fall. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Match the following and choose the correct combination from the options given.
    Column I
    		Column II
    A. Potassium
    		1. Constituent of ferredoxin
    B. Sulphur
    		2. Involved in stomatal movement
    C. Molybdenum
    		3. Needed in the synthesis of auxin
    D. Zinc
    		4. Component of nitrogenase

    Solution
    Potassium and sulphur are essential macronutrients, while molybdenum and zinc are essential micronutrients for plants. According to the most widely accepted theory of stomatal movement, potassium is essential for turgor movement of guard cells. 
    Ferredoxin is a component of light reaction in plants and is an iron sulphur protein. 
    Nitrogenase enzyme is found in bacteria and is a molybdo-flavo protein. 
    Zinc is required for auxin biosynthesis in plants.  
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Who reported the presence of associative nitrogen fixing bacteria with the roots of maize plants?
    Solution
    Appreciable work has been done by P. K. De, Uppal et al. and Chaudhuri H. on the fixation of nitrogen by blue-green algae in rice soil. Further work by Watanabe et. al.  revealed that some specific algae fix nitrogen in rice soil. Watanabe showed that a few species, for example, Tolypothrix tenius, Calothrix brevissima and Anabaenopsis sp. seemed to have greater ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen than the usual blue-green algae.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Nif gene is found in
    Solution
    Rhizobium is a Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria that form special nitrogen-fixing organs, called as root nodules, in the roots of legumes and fix the gaseous nitrogen into ammonia. They have nif genes which encode nitrogen-fixing enzymes.
    Pseudomonas is denitrifying bacteria which reduce the nitrates into nitrogen catalysed by NO reductase and thus, does not need nitrogenase enzyme; option A is incorrect. 
    Salmonella is an opportunistic human pathogenic bacteria and is not involved in nitrogen fixation.
    Mycobacterium is a gram-positive human pathogen, its cell wall has a unique waxy layer that imparts additional resistance and is not involved in nitrogen fixation. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Star shaped group of minerals are called as
    Solution
    Raphide are needle shaped crystals of calcium oxalate. Cystolith are calcium carbonate crystals.
    Druses are a group of crystals of calcium oxalate, silicates or carbonates present in plant. The druses are typically star-shaped.
    Hence, the correct option is D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The bacterium capable of anaerobic nitrogen fixation is
    Solution
    Plants cannot absorb atmospheric nitrogen directly. They absorb nitrogen in the form of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite ions. Azotobacter species are free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria; in contrast to Rhizobium species, they normally fix molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere without symbiotic relations with plants, although some Azotobacter species are associated with plants. Clostridium is anaerobic nitrogen fixer.
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