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Mineral Nutrition Test - 79

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 79
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Mineral activator needed for the enzymes aconitase of TCA cycle is
    Solution
    Plants require several minerals for optimum growth and function. According to the quantity required the minerals are grouped into two classes macronutrients and micronutrients. The iron is a micronutrient required in largest amount. It is required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and for activity of electron transport proteins in the electron transport chains. It is also required as an essential co-factor for activity of several enzymes, like aconitase.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Who discovered carotenoid?
    Solution
    Other than chlorophyll, next important group of plant pigments are carotenoids and phycobilins. The carotenoids can be carotenes or xanthophylls. 
    The carotenes were first isolated from the roots of carrot by Wakenroder, 1891, hence the name carotene. These are orange coloured pigments have empirical formula $$C_{40}H_{56}$$ and has molecular weight 536. They are found in all groups of plants from algae to angiosperms.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The deficiencies of micronutrients, not only affects the growth of plants but also vital functions such as photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron flow. Among the list is given below, which group of three elements shall affect most, both photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport.
    Solution
    Manganese is essential for activity of some enzymes of Kreb cycle.The enzyme is required in photosynthetic O$$_2$$ evolution. Iron is the component of cytochromes and non-heme iron proteins of photosynthesis and respiration. Copper is component of enzymes of redox reactions of electron oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Choose the correct matching set from the following.
     List I   List II
     A $$Azospirillum$$ and $$Azotobacter$$ 1 Free living nitrogen fixing bacteria
     B $$Glomus$$ 2 Biological control tools
     C $$Anabaena$$ and $$Nostoc$$ 3 Forms mycorrhiza
     D $$Nucleopolyhedro$$ $$virus$$ 4 Symbiotic cyanobacteria
    Solution
    Free living nitrogen‐fixing bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter and Azospirillum have been used as nitrogenous fertilizers in some crops, such as tomatoes, potatoes and sugar beets, resulting in a substantial increase in yield after a short period of time. Strains ofAzotobacter (vinelandii and chroococcum) and Azospirillwn brasilense are extremely efficient as N2‐fixing bacteria. 
    Glomus is a genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and all species form symbiotic relationships (mycorrhiza) with plant roots.
    Free-living, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteri are Anabaena and Nostoc.
    The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) which belongs to the family Baculoviruses is a virus affecting insects, predominantly moths and butterflies. It has been used as a pesticide for crops infested by insects susceptible to contraction. Though commercialization of the viral pesticide is slow as the virus is very species specific, making it effective under certain circumstances.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which elements are considered as balancing elements?
    Solution
    Based on the mobility in phloem, elements are also classified into three types. 
    1. Mobile elements : N, K, P, S and Mg 
    2. Immobile elements : Ca, Fe and B 
    3. Intermediate : Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo 
    Functions of elements 
    Protoplasmic elements : N, P, S 
    Balancing elements : Ca, Mg, K – counteract to toxic effects of other minerals by causing ionic balance. 
    Frame work elements : C, H2O – as they are the constituents of carbohydrates that form cell walls. 
    Catalytic elements : Mn, Cu, Mg, etc.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The group of mineral nutrients known as framework elements is
    Solution

    Framework elements- carbon (C ), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) synthesize the cellulose and other components of cell walls. So, they are called as framework elements.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which element is essential for stability of chromosome structure?
    Solution
    Calcium is believed to play an important role in providing the stability to the chromosomes. It is a probably plays a role by being a part of many bases which actually provide the optimum salt-hydrogen ion environment in the cell that helps to keep the stability of chromosomes in the cell. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Sulphur is an important nutrient for optimum growth and productivity in
    Solution
    Sulphur is the main constituent of certain amino acids. It determines the structure of proteins. Proteins are formed by the polymerization of amino acids. Pulse crops are rich sources of protein. Sulphur plays an important role in the synthesis of chlorophyll. It also affects various metabolic processes. Thus, it is an important nutrient for optimum growth and productivity of pulse crops.
    So, the correct option is A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a flowering plant with nodules contain filamentous nitrogen-fixing microorganism?
    Solution
    Casuarina and Alnus are some of the angiosperms, which have root nodules formed due to  filamentous species of Actinomycetes. Legume crops show root nodules due to rod shaped Rhizobium bacteria. 
    Cycas is a gymnosperm having cyanobacteria in coralloid roots, which fix atmospheric nitrogen. 
    Crotalaria is a legume and is used as green manure. It does not contain filamentous symbiotic nitrogen fixer.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Little leaf disease is caused by
    Solution
    Zinc (Zn) deficiency may occur on acidic soils, which are low in zinc or on alkaline soils in which the solubility of zinc is reduced. Due to the declining availability of zinc with increasing soil pH, applying lime or dolomite to acid soils may induce zinc deficiency. 
    Applications of copper fertiliser or large amounts of phosphorus fertiliser, may also exacerbate zinc deficiency.
    Zn is an element that become less available at higher pH's. Zn deficiency causes a symptom called as "little leaf" where new leaves are abnormally small and causes a yellowing of the leaf between the ribs. 
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