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Mineral Nutrition Test - 81

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 81
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia, nitrogen gas into ammonia, nitrates into ammonia, ammonia into nitrates is respectively known as
    Solution
    Conversion of any nitrogenous compound into ammonia is termed as ammonification. Conversion of the gaseous nitrogen into ammonia is termed as nitrogen fixation and is carried out by enzyme nitrogenase complex. Conversion of nitrates into ammonia is called as nitrate reduction as nitrates are being reduced into ammonia. The conversion of ammonia into nitrates is termed as nitrification and is carried out by chemolithotrophic bacteria; nitrosomonas and nitrobacter.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Rhizobium phaseoli fixes atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically in 
    Solution
    Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative bacterium which is found in the soil. The bacterium fixes nitrogen symbiotically in the leguminous plants. The species of Rhizobium are specific for the plants. Rhizobium phaseoli helps to fix the atmospheric nitrogen in the beans. The bacterium forms root nodules in the leguminous plants and fixes nitrogen for the plants with the help of the enzyme nitrogenase. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Match the following:

    List I
    		List II
    (A) Zn
    		(I) Bronzing in legume
    (B) Cl
    		(II) Mottled leaf in citrus
    (C) Ni
    		(III) Whip tail in cauliflower
    (D) Mo
    		(IV) Mouse ear in pecan
    Solution
    • Molybdenum deficiency may induce symptoms similar to those of nitrogen deficiency.
    • Molybdenum is required for nitrate reduction. Mottling and necrosis of leaves are the most important deficiency symptoms. Mottled leaves are caused by zinc deficiency and in the enzyme carboxypeptidase, Zn acts as a prosthetic group.
    • Mouse-ear in pecan is a growth abnormality resulting from a deficiency of nickel in pecan tree and the enzyme urease requires nickel. Whiptail in cauliflower is caused due to deficiency of molybdenum which is required by the enzyme nitrogenase.
    • Chloride deficiency symptoms occur in plants resulting in the curling of leaflets, leaf bronzing and chlorosis.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Chlorosis is produced in the leaves due to the deficiency of Fe, Mg, Mn, S or N. Of these essential elements, those that are exclusive constituents of the chlorophyll molecule are
    Solution
    The chlorophyll molecule is composed of a porphyrin ring. This is also known as the chlorin ring. There are nitrogen molecule in every prophyrin ring. It is the essential component of the pigment. This porphyrin ring structure is also present in heme. There is magnesium ion present in the centre of the ring. This binding of the magnesium ion makes the stable structure of the chlorophyll molecule. Deficiency of these minerals results in deficiency of the chlorophyll molecule which results in chlorosis and decrease in the rate of photosynthesis. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Match the column.

    List IList II
    A. Nitrosomonas
    		 I. Dentrifying bacteria
    B. Nitrobacter
    		II. Soil bacteria
    C. Psuedomonas
    		III. Nitrate bacteria
    D. Azotobacter
    		IV. Nitrite bacteria
    Solution
    • Nitrosomonas is a rod-shaped bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrite as a metabolic process and also during the nitrogen cycle thereby increasing the availability of nitrogen to plants.
    • Nitrobacter is a rod-shaped bacteria that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle by oxidizing nitrite into nitrate in the soil.
    • Pseudomonas denitrificans is a denitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle by releasing nitrogen back into the atmosphere to be fixed for plants by the microbes.
    • Azotobacter is aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature by binding atmospheric nitrogen.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    An essential element is that which
    Solution
    An essential element is an irreplaceable and indispensable element required by plants for healthy growth. It may be required in a large amount (macronutrient) or in very small amounts (micronutrient). For e.g. K+, Na+ and Cl-
    So the correct answer is 'Is irreplaceable and indispensable for the growth of plants'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Buds typically occur at
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The plasmid of which one of the following has 'Nif' gene in it?
    Solution
    Rhizobium is a bacterium found in the root nodules of leguminous plants. It induces the formation of special structures called nodules inside which it fixes atmospheric nitrogen. Nif is a nitrogen fixation gene which occurs in Rhizobium. This genes codes for the of nitrogenase enzyme that converts of nitrogen to ammonium that is an important factor required for plant growth. In turn, the bacterium receives shelter from the plant. Thus the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Statements regarding Frankia are correct, except
    Solution
    Atmospheric nitrogen is not available for plants. However, nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and make it available to plants. Frankia is a non-legume symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium. It causes induction of root nodules in many non-leguminous plant species. Like Rhizobium, it infects host through root hair and induces proliferation of cortex. It forms specialized vesicles in which nitrogenase is protected from oxygen by a chemical barrier involving triterpene hopanoids.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Cannot fix nitrogen in free state.'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Nitrogen fixing organism in the nodules of Trifolium alexandrinum is?
    Solution
    Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonium compounds and make it available to the plants. Oscillatoria are symbiotic nitrogen fixing organisms. They are capable of fixing nitrogen without heterocysts in an aerobic environment. They are in symbiotic association with the legume plant Trifolium alexandrinum. They are present in the nodules of Trifolium alexandrinum.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Oscillatoria.' 
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