Mineral Nutrition Test

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 9

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Question 1
1 / -0

Major role of minor essential elements is to act as

A
Co-factors of enzymes

B
Building blocks of important amino acids

C
Constituents of hormones

D
Binders of cell structure

Solution

The mineral elements in plants can be grouped into two categories: Macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are those nutrient elements which are required by plants in large amounts. They help to build the plant body, regulate osmotic concentration and take part in biochemical reactions. Micronutrients are those elements which are present in plants in very trace amounts. They are generally required by the plants for the functioning of enzymes, as cofactors or as activators of enzymes.
Major nutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K).
Secondary nutrients : Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sulphur (S).
Micronutrients or trace elements: Boron (B), Chlorine (CL)l, Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo) and Zinc (Zn).
Macronutrients are required in large amounts by plants while micronutrients are required in small amounts in plants.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 2
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It is possible to determine whether an element is essential by observing growth of plants

A
On soil form which the particular element is removed

B
On soil in which only the particular element is present

C
On an inert medium to which solution of only the particular element is added

D
On an inert medium to which a nutrient solution excluding that particular element is added

Solution

An inert medium to which nutrient solution excluding the particular element is added, the medium will contain all the nutrients essential for the plant growth except the nutrient whose effect is being studied. Any adverse effect on plant growth seen in such cases will be the result of the absence of the particular nutrient and hence, essentiality of the element can be determined.
So, the correct answer is 'On an inert medium to which a nutrient solution excluding that particular element is added'
Question 3
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The first stable product of fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in leguminous plants is

A
$$NO_{2}^{-}$$

B
Ammonia

C
$$NO_{3}^{-}$$

D
Glutamate

Solution

Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Legumes are able to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia.
The result of this symbiosis is to form nodules on the plant root, within which the bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that can be used by the plant.
Question 4
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Which is essential for the growth of root tip?

A
$$Ca^{2+}$$

B
$$Mn^{2+}$$

C
$$Zn^{2+}$$

D
$$Fe^{2+}$$
Solution
- Calcium ions are used in new cell walls synthesis, particularly the middle lamellae that separate newly divided cells.
- It is also used in the mitotic spindle during cell division and calcium deficiency causes necrosis of young meristematic regions, such root and leaf tips, the sites of rapid cell division and wall formation.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
1 / -0

In which of the following forms is iron absorbed by plants?

A
Free element

B
Ferric

C
Both ferric and ferrous

D
Ferrous
Solution
- Iron is the most abundant mineral ion required by the plant. It is absorbed in ferrous and ferric form from the rhizosphere of the plant.
- Fe$$^{2+}$$ (ferrous) form is relatively soluble but is readily oxidized to Fe$$^{3+}$$ (ferric) at the junction of the protoxylem and the metaxylem, chelated by citrate, and then transported in the metaxylem to the other parts of the plant.
So, the correct answer is 'Ferric'.
Question 6
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In which of the following, all three are macronutrients?

A
Boron, zinc, manganese

B
Iron, copper, molybdenum

C
Molybdenum, magnesium, manganese

D
Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus

Solution

From the given options, Option D has a better answer with macro nutrients - Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus.
All other options have only micronutrients and thus 'D' turns the correct answer.
The primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni).
In relatively large amounts, the soil supplies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur; these are often called the macronutrients. In relatively small amounts, the soil supplies iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, chlorine, and cobalt, the so-called micronutrients. Nutrients must be available not only in sufficient amounts but also in appropriate ratios.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
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The oxygen evolved during photosynthesis comes from water molecules. Which one of the following pairs of elements is involved in this reaction?

A
Magnesium and Chlorine

B
Manganese and Chlorine

C
Manganese and Potassium

D
Magnesium and Molybdenum

Solution

The breakdown of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of light, during the light reaction of photosynthesis is called photolysis of water. The micronutrients manganese and chlorine are involved in the photolysis of water.
The other options given in the question have following functions:
• Magnesium- It is component of chlorophyll and activator of enzymes involved in respiration and photosynthesis.
• Potassium- It is required as a cofactor for many enzymes and maintains membrane permeability, turgidity of cells, anion-cation balance in cells.
• Molybdenum- It is component of enzyme nitrate reductase and is involved in nitrogen metabolism.
So, the correct answer is 'Manganese and Chlorine'.
Question 8
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Leguminous plants are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Which one of the following statements is not correct during this process of nitrogen fixation?

A
Nitrogenase is insensitive to oxygen.

B
Leghaemoglobin scavenges oxygen and is pinkish in colour.

C
Nodules act as sites nitrogen fixation.

D
The enzyme nitrogenase catalyses the conversion of atmospheric $$N_2$$ to $$NH_3$$.
Solution
Solution:
Correct answer is option A.
Explanation for correct option:
- Nitrogenase is a complex, bacterial enzyme that catalyses the ATP-dependent reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3).
- Nitrogen fixation is carried out by the enzyme nitrogenase.
- This enzyme is sensitive to oxygen, so the enzymes are rapidly inactivated in the presence of oxygen.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which one of the following is not an essential mineral element for plants

A
Iron

B
Manganese

C
Cadmium

D
Phosphorus

Solution

E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite. This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K); the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg); the micronutrients / trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni).
Question 10
1 / -0

Deficiency symptoms of nitrogen and potassium are visible first in

A
Senescent leaves

B
Young leaves

C
Roots

D
Buds
Solution
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Deficiency symptoms of nitrogen and potassium are visible first in senescent (older) leaves.
Due to nitrogen deficiency the symptoms include poor plant growth, and leaves become pale green or yellow because they're unable to form sufficient chlorophyll.
Under potassium stress condition, yellowing of leaves starts from the tips or margins of leaves extending towards the center of leaf base. These yellow parts become necrotic (dead spots) with leaf curling.

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 9

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Mineral Nutrition Test - 9

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Question 1

Co-factors of enzymes

Building blocks of important amino acids

Constituents of hormones

Binders of cell structure

Solution

Question 2

On soil form which the particular element is removed

On soil in which only the particular element is present

On an inert medium to which solution of only the particular element is added

On an inert medium to which a nutrient solution excluding that particular element is added

Solution

Question 3

$$NO_{2}^{-}$$

Ammonia

$$NO_{3}^{-}$$

Glutamate

Solution

Question 4

$$Ca^{2+}$$

$$Mn^{2+}$$

$$Zn^{2+}$$

$$Fe^{2+}$$

Solution

Question 5

Free element

Ferric

Both ferric and ferrous

Ferrous

Solution

Question 6

Boron, zinc, manganese

Iron, copper, molybdenum

Molybdenum, magnesium, manganese

Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus

Solution

Question 7

Magnesium and Chlorine

Manganese and Chlorine

Manganese and Potassium

Magnesium and Molybdenum

Solution

Question 8

Nitrogenase is insensitive to oxygen.

Leghaemoglobin scavenges oxygen and is pinkish in colour.

Nodules act as sites nitrogen fixation.

The enzyme nitrogenase catalyses the conversion of atmospheric $$N_2$$ to $$NH_3$$.

Solution

Question 9

Iron

Manganese

Cadmium

Phosphorus

Solution

Question 10

Senescent leaves

Young leaves

Roots

Buds

Solution

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