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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 31

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 31
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The function of ATP in photosynthesis is the transfer of energy from the
    Solution
    • $$ATP$$ can be used to store energy for future reactions or be withdrawn to pay for reactions when energy is required by the cell. 
    • Likewise, plants capture and store the energy they derive from light during photosynthesis in $$ATP$$ molecules along with $$NADPH + H^+$$.
    • These products are used subsequently to reduce carbon dioxide into sugars during dark reaction.
    • Thus, the purpose of ATP in photosynthesis is to transfer energy from light reaction to dark reaction.

    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The electron ejected by $$P_{680}$$ in light reaction is initially accepted by
    Solution
    During the light reaction, the path of the electron has been elucidated in the Z-scheme. It is named so because of its shape and was first proposed by Hill and Bendall in 1960. The electron released by reaction center of photosystem II i.e., P$${_6}$$$${_8}$$$${_0}$$ moves uphill and reduces pheophytin, a nonmagnesium chlorophyll a molecule. From pheophytin, electrons are accepted by plastoquinone which requires two electrons for complete reduction. It also accepts two protons from the stromal side of thylakoid membrane and becomes reduced to $$PQH_2$$ after accepting 2 electrons and 2 protons. It is the only carrier in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, which can bind both electrons and protons.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Photo-oxidation of chlorophyll is called as 
    Solution
    Chlorophyll pigments trap sunlight during photosynthesis but are destroyed at high light intensity. Holman (1930) stated that the term solarization, as used in reference to plants, refers to a decrease or complete disappearance of starch following long exposure of leaves to the light of an intensity, that initially was favorable for abundant starch formation. At higher intensities, however, pigments get bleached and the process suffers. The inhibition of photosynthesis by photo-oxidation at higher intensities is called solarization.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The enzyme that fixes atmospheric $$CO_2\, in\, C_4$$ plants is 
    Solution
    The carbon dioxide is fixed during dark phase of photosynthesis using reducing and assimilatory power synthesized during light phase. The initial carboxylating enzyme is PEP carboxylase in $$C_4$$ plants. It carboxylates PEP or phosphoenolpyruvate and produces organic acids having four carbon atoms.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Photosynthesis is an oxidation-reduction process, the material that gets oxidised is
    Solution
    Chemically photosynthesis is a redox reaction. During photosynthesis, two substrates (carbon dioxide and water) react in presence of light to produce two products (carbohydrates and oxygen). The water is oxidized in presence of light (photolysis) to release oxygen, whereas the carbon dioxide is reduced in dark to carbohydrates using energy trapped during light reaction.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Carbon refixation in $$C_4$$ plants occur in chloroplasts of
    Solution
    The carbon dioxide is fixed during dark phase of photosynthesis using reducing and assimilatory power synthesized during light phase. The initial carboxylating enzyme is PEP carboxylase in $$C_4$$ plants. This enzyme is abundant in leaf mesophyll tissue. It carboxylates PEP or phosphoenolpyruvate and produces organic acids having four carbon atoms. The organic acids are passed on to the leaf bundle sheath cells, where the organic acids are decarboxylated and refixation of carbon dioxide occurs by the RuBisCO enzyme.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Chloroplast is present in bundle sheath cells of 
    Solution
    The thick walled bundle sheath cells present around vascular bundles in the shape of a ring in $$C_4$$ plants have chloroplast. The bundle sheath cells have agranal chloroplast and fix carbon dioxide with the help of RuBisCO enzyme. The thin walled mesophyll cells carry out initial carbon dioxide fixation with the help of PEP carboxylase enzyme. This special arrangement of cells and presence of dimorphic chloroplasts helps in minimizing photorespiration in $$C_4$$ plants.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The family in which many plants are $$C_4$$ type is
    Solution
     Hatch and Slack, 1966, discovered an alternate pathway for carbon dioxide fixation. Since the first product is a 4 carbon compound, hence, it is popularly termed as $$C_4$$ cycle and the plants, where it is found as $$C_4$$ plants. This carbon reduction pathway has been reported in Sugarcane, Zea, Panicum, Sorghum, Atriplex etc. Most of the $$C_4$$ plants are tropical grasses belonging to family Gramineae or Poaceae.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The enzyme which catalyzes the photosynthetic $$C_4$$ cycle is
    Solution
    Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is also known as PEP carboxylase is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases that catalyzes the addition of CO$$_2$$ to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate: 
    PEP + CO2 → oxaloacetate + Pi 
    This reaction is used for carbon fixation in so-called "CAM" and "C4" plants where it plays a key role in photosynthesis. The enzyme is also found in some bacteria, but not in animals or fungi .
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    In case of C-4 pathway, the first step is
    Solution
    Hatch and Slack, 1966, discovered an alternate pathway for carbon dioxide fixation. Since the first product is a 4 carbon compound, hence it is popularly termed as C4 cycle and the plants where it is found as C4 plants. This carbon reduction pathway has been reported in Sugarcane, Zea, Panicum, Sorghum, Atriplex etc. Here, the carbon dioxide acceptor is phospho enol pyruvic acid (PEP) and the first stable product is oxaloacetic acid (OAA). The initial carboxylating enzyme is PEP carboxylase.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
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