Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 40

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Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following cell organelles is associated with photorespiration?

A
Mitochondria

B
Peroxysome

C
Chloroplast

D
All of the above

Solution

Photorespiration is a special type of respiration shown by many green plants when they are exposed to light. It involves three organelles chloroplast, perioxisomes and mitochondria. In the chloroplast, phosphoglycolate is unstable and is converted to glycolate. PGA is used up in the calvin cycle. The peroxisomes present in the cell convert the glycolate into glyoxylate and then into glycine. Glycine is converted to serine and CO₂ in the mitochondria. The serine thus formed is converted to glycerate, through a series of reactions which occurs in the peroxisome. Hence, option D is correct.
Question 2
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In the leaves of $\displaystyle { C }_{ 4 }$ plants, malic acid synthesis during $\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$ fixation occurs in

A
Bundle sheath.

B
Mesophyll.

C
Epidermis.

D
Guard cells.

Solution

$C_4$ plants almost never saturate with light and under hot, dry conditions much outperform $C_3$ plants. They use a two-stage process, where $CO_2$ is fixed in thin-walled mesophyll cells to form a 4-carbon intermediate, typically malate (malic acid).
The reaction involves phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which fixes $CO_2$ in a reaction catalyzed by PEP-carboxylate. It forms an oxaloacetic acid (OAA), which is quickly converted to malic acid. The 4-carbon acid is actively pumped across the cell membrane into a thick-walled bundle sheath cell where it is split to $CO_2$ and a 3-carbon compound.
Question 3
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In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates. It is a ......................... process

A
Reductive.

B
Oxidative.

C
Catabolic and exergonic.

D
Reductive, anabolic and endergonic.

Solution

Photosynthesis is the process by which the green plants fixes the carbon dioxide to the complex compounds like glucose in presence of light. It involves synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water so it is known as anabolic process. It involves oxidation of water which releases electrons. The electrons released during photolysis are picked up by a carrier molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), changing it from its oxidized state to its reduced state. It is an endergonic process as it absorbs the photochemical energy from sunlight to synthesize complex glucose molecules.
Question 4
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6CO $_{2} + 12H_{2}O\underset {chlorophyll}{\xrightarrow {light}} C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$ + 6 A + 6 B
The above reaction is the reaction during photosynthesis. What are A and B?

A
CO and O $_{2}$

B
CO and H $_{2}$ O

C
O $_{2}$ and H $_{2}$ O

D
None of the above.

Solution

Photosynthesis is defined as an intracellular, anabolic process in which glucose is synthesized using simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water as raw material, in presence of light and chlorophyll and with the release of oxygen as a by-product. Photosynthesis is fundamentally an oxidation-reduction process in which water is oxidized to oxygen and carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrates. Thus option C is the correct answer.
Question 5
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This process occurs in dark reaction

A
$H^{+}$ is taken by a hydrogen acceptor NADP

B
Photolysis of water

C
Formation of $NADPH_{2}$

D
$CO_{2}$ is reduced

Solution

In Dark reaction or biosynthetic phase, $CO_{2}$ is reduced (with the help of $NADPH_{2}$ and ATP produced in the light reaction) to glucose with the help of enzymes present in stroma of chloroplast.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following characteristics are exhibited by C4 plants?
I. Kranz anatomy.
II. The first product of photosynthesis is oxaloacetic acid.
III. Both PEP carboxylase and ribulose biphosphate carboxylase acts as carboxylating enzymes.
The correct option is

A
I and III, but not ll.

B
I, II and III.

C
II and III, but not I.

D
ll and III.

Solution

$C_4$ -plants have an alternative $CO_2$ fixation pathway, called as Hatch and Slack cycle. These plants have Kranz anatomy in leaf, where vascular bundles are surrounded by bundle sheath.
In $C_4$ cycle light reaction occurs in, mesophyll chloroplast by PEP carboxylaes and the assimilation of $CO_2$ takes place in, i.e., dark phase in bundle sheath chloroplast by Rubisco.
Question 7
1 / -0

The specific characteristic of ${C}_{4}$ plants is

A
Isobilateral leaf.

B
Tap root.

C
Parallel venation.

D
Kranz anatomy.

Solution

Kranz anatomy refers to an arrangement of bundle sheath cells surrounded by mesophyll cells in $C_4$ plants. This arrangement allows the transport of $C_4$ cycle metabolites via plasmodesmata through these two cell types. It can occur in both monocot and dicots.
Thus, the correct option is D.
Question 8
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Biosynthetic phase is also known as

A
Dark reaction

B
Light reaction

C
Photochemical phase

D
Light dependent phase

Solution

Biosynthetic phase is also known as the dark phase of photosynthesis which does not require light to happen. It requires ATP and NADPH ${_2}$ to fix carbon dioxide.
Question 9
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Which of the following is true for Calvin cycle?

A
Does not use light directly

B
Occurs in the cytoplasm

C
Releases CO $_{2}$

D
Produces ATP

E
All of the above
Solution
- Calvin cycle is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
- The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight during the light reaction. Thus, it does not use the sunlight directly.
- The steps involved in the Calvin cycle are as follows -
1. A five-carbon molecule called Ribulose-5-phosphate takes up one molecule of carbon dioxide and forms a six-carbon molecule (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate). Thus, CO $_2$ is fixed during the Calvin cycle.
2. The enzyme RuBisCO with the energy of ATP and NADPH molecules breaks the six-carbon molecule into two equal parts. Thus, ATP and NADPH produced during light are utilized during the Calvin cycle.
3. These 3-carbon molecule moves on to the next step and undergoes reduction producing Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. One 3 carbon compound is involved in the formation of sugar.
4. Using ATP and NADPH, another three-carbon molecule (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is changed into a five-carbon molecule (Ribulose-5-phosphate) and the cycle is repeated again.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Calvin cycle performs the function of

A
Production of ATP.

B
Chemical breakdown of water.

C
Fixation of carbon.

D
Production of oxygen gas.

E
Absorption of light energy.

Solution

The Calvin cycle, Calvin cycle, or reductive pentose phosphate cycle is also known as the C3 cycle a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts during photosynthesis. These reactions are also known as light-independent reactions. While the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy storage and transport molecules ATP and NADPH, the light-independent reaction or the Calvin cycle uses the energy from short-lived electronically excited carriers and converts carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds that can be used by the organisms. The fixation of carbon is one of the main functions of the Calvin cycle.
So, the correct answer is option C.

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 40

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Question 1

Mitochondria

Peroxysome

Chloroplast

All of the above

Solution

Question 2

Bundle sheath.

Mesophyll.

Epidermis.

Guard cells.

Solution

Question 3

Reductive.

Oxidative.

Catabolic and exergonic.

Reductive, anabolic and endergonic.

Solution

Question 4

CO and O2_{2}2​

CO and H2_{2}2​O

O2_{2}2​ and H2_{2}2​O

None of the above.

Solution

Question 5

H+H^{+}H+ is taken by a hydrogen acceptor NADP

Photolysis of water

Formation of NADPH2NADPH_{2}NADPH2​

CO2CO_{2}CO2​ is reduced

Solution

Question 6

I and III, but not ll.

I, II and III.

II and III, but not I.

ll and III.

Solution

Question 7

Isobilateral leaf.

Tap root.

Parallel venation.

Kranz anatomy.

Solution

Question 8

Dark reaction

Light reaction

Photochemical phase

Light dependent phase

Solution

Question 9

Does not use light directly

Occurs in the cytoplasm

Releases CO2_{2}2​

Produces ATP

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

Production of ATP.

Chemical breakdown of water.

Fixation of carbon.

Production of oxygen gas.

Absorption of light energy.

Solution

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CO and O $_{2}$

CO and H $_{2}$ O

O $_{2}$ and H $_{2}$ O

$H^{+}$ is taken by a hydrogen acceptor NADP

Formation of $NADPH_{2}$

$CO_{2}$ is reduced

Releases CO $_{2}$