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Respiration in Plants Test - 34

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Respiration in Plants Test - 34
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The anaerobic respiration of C6H12O6{C_6H_{12}O_6} differ from alcoholic fermentation of C6H12O6{C_6H_{12} O_6} in 
    Solution
    The process of anaerobic respiration which takes place in human muscles is different from alcoholic fermentation in yeast. In human muscle glucose is metabolized to lactic acid without the use of oxygen and without the formation of carbon dioxide whereas yeast oxidises glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide without utilizing oxygen. Thus, both differ in the nature of products formed.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    FAD is electron acceptor during oxidation of which of the following?
    Solution
    During the conversion of succinic acid to fumaric acid, FAD is reduced to FADH2_2 and succinic acid is oxidised by dehydrogenation. 
    In conversion of α- ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA, NAD is reduced to NADH while other two conversions are hydration reactions.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
     -ketoglutarat

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Succinate + FAD gives rise to 
    Solution
    Succinate and fumarate are the intermediate products of citric acid cycle, where, succinate gets converted to fumarate. During this process, FAD gets converted to FADH2FADH_2
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The incomplete breakdown of sugars in anaerobic respiration forms
    Solution
    Fermentation is the general term for such processes, which extract energy (as ATP) but do not consume oxygen or change the concentrations of NAD or NADH. Fermentations are carried out by a wide range of organisms, many of which occupy anaerobic niches, and they yield a variety of end products, some of which find commercial uses. Yeast and other microorganisms ferment glucose to ethanol and CO2_{2}, rather than to lactate. Glucose is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis, and the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and CO2_{2} in a two-step process: In the first step, pyruvate is decarboxylated in an irreversible reaction catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase. In the second step, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    According to chemiosmotic theory of P. Mitchell (1978), ATPs are synthesised on membranes due to the
    Solution
    According to chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell, the transport of electrons across membranes is coupled to pumping of protons across the membranes, which establishes an electrochemical gradient. The electrochemical gradient of protons has an electrical component due to charge present on protons and a chemical component because of the hydrogen atom present in proton. Both the electrical and chemical gradients are used up to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase enzyme complex, when protons flow across the membranes through the ATP synthase enzyme system along the electrochemical gradient.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is coenzyme?
    Solution
    Coenzyme is an organic cofactor for an enzyme that mostly serves in the transfer of some component during the reaction, for example, transfer of electrons. NAD serves as water soluble coenzyme and transfers electron by reversible reduction of its nicotinamide ring. Likewise, reversible reduction of the isoalloxazine ring of FAD allows electron transfer. The correct answer is C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    End product of glycolysis is
    Solution
    Glycolysis means lysis of glucose. It is a sequence of 10 reactions, which occur in the cytoplasm and break down one hexose glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acid, having three carbon atoms in each. Also, there is the net gain of 2 ATP molecules and a synthesis of 2 molecules of reduced coenzyme NADH2NADH_2
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The link between glycolysis and Kerbs cycle is
    Solution
    During respiration, the pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. This enzyme carries oxidative decarboxylation of one molecule of pyruvic acid to one molecule of acetyl CoA releasing one molecule of carbon dioxide and also producing one molecule of reduced NADH in the process. The acetyl CoA, later on, enters the Krebs cycle. The glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm producing pyruvic acid, whereas Krebs cycle occurs in mitochondria and requires acetyl CoA. Thus acetyl CoA produced with the help of pyruvate dehydrogenase acts as a link between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Oxidation of one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration results in the production of
    Solution
    The glucose molecule is first broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid through glycolysis. The glycolysis results in production of net 2 ATP molecules and 2 molecules of reduced coenzyme NADPH2NADPH_2. The 2 molecules of  pyruvic acid are oxidatively decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase to yield two molecules of acetyl coenzyme and simultaneous production of two molecules of reduced coenzyme NADH2NADH_2 one per conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle. Each moleucle of acetyl CoA that enters Krebs cycle generates 3 molecules of NADH2NADH_2, 1 molecules of FADH2FADH_2 and 1 molecule of GTP. Thus for two molecules of acetyl CoA from one glucose molecule, the net gain is 6 molecules of NADH2NADH_2 and 2 molecules of FADH2FADH_2 and 2 molecules of GTP. Assuming that one molecule of NADH2NADH_2 is equivalent to 3 molecules of ATP and one molecule of FADH2FADH_2 is equivalent to 2 molecules of ATP and one molecule of GTP is equivalent to one molecule of ATP. The net gain from entire aerobic breakdown of glucose comes out to be 38 molecules of ATP. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Conversion of pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol is mediated by 
    Solution
    Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol and is carried out by a wide range of organisms. Yeast and other microorganisms ferment glucose to ethanol and CO2_{2}, rather than to lactate as in muscles of higher vertebrates. Glucose is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis, and the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and CO2_{2} in a two-step process:
    In the first step, pyruvate is decarboxylated in an irreversible reaction catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase. Pyruvate decarboxylase requires Mg2+^{2+} and has a tightly bound coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate.
    In the second step, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase, with the reducing power furnished by NADH derived from the dehydrogenation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
    Ethanol and CO2_{2} are thus the end products of ethanol fermentation, and the overall equation is as follows:
    Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ----> 2 ethanol + 2 CO2_{2} + 2 ATP + 2 H2_{2}O
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