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Plant Growth and Development Test - 48

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Plant Growth and Development Test - 48
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Hormone which initiates mobilization of storage materials is ________.
    Solution
    • Gibberellins are phytohormones that initiate mobilization of storage materials in seeds during germination. 
    • They also cause elongation of stems, stimulate bolting in biennial plants and stimulate pollen tube growth. 
    • Gibberellins include a large range of chemicals that are produced naturally within the plants and by fungi. 
    • Gibberellins are important in seed germination, affecting enzyme production that mobilizes food production used for the growth of new cells. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a weedicide?
    Solution
    Auxins are growth hormones that stimulate growth by cell division and cell elongation. They are also used as weedicide that selectively acts against certain weeds. Role of auxins as weedicide is based upon principle of respiration. Auxin induced growth increases respiration rate which in turn kills weeds. The 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; a synthetic auxin) is a selective herbicide that kills broad leaved plants. This makes option B correct. IAA (indole acetic acid; a synthetic auxin) is sprayed to prevent formation of abscission layers at the base of petiole and pedicel which in turn causes leaf shedding and fruit drooping. IBA (indole butryric acid; a synthetic auxin) and NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) are mainly used for induction of root formation. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Pruning of plants promotes branching because the axillary buds get 
    sensitized to
    Solution
    Option D is incorrect as IAA is an auxin that causes apical dominance. It involves withdrawal of root manufactured cytokinins towards apical bud which in turn makes the lateral bud cytokinins deficient. Cytokinins deficiency suppresses growth of lateral buds as cytokinins are the hormones of cell division. Pruning is cutting off the apical portion of branches to induce growth which in turn lowers the amount of auxin synthesized as shoot apex. The lowered auxin synthesis allows translocation of cytokinins to lateral bud stimulating cell division and growth of lateral branches. This makes option C correct. Option A is incorrect as ethylene inhibits lateral buds and causes apical dominance. Option B is incorrect as gibberellins are the hormones of stem elongation of genetic dwarfs and seed germination. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Avena curvature test is a bioassay for examining the activity of 
    Solution
    Avena coleptile curvature test for auxin bioassay was proposed by F. W. Went in which an agar block containing auxin is placed on one side of oat coleoptiles and angle of curvature of decapitated Avena coleoptile is measured. Increased auxin concentration on one side stimulates cell elongation while the decreased auxin concentration on other side, as caused by absence of coleoptile tip, causes decreased growth rate. This differential growth pattern causes curvature of coleoptiles. Option B is incorrect as gibberellins stimulate stem elongation but are synthesized in shoot tip, leaf and bud primordia and root tip. Thus, absence of shoot tip does not affect presence of gibberellins. Option C is incorrect as cytokinin functions in presence of auxin and inhibits auxin-promoted cell elongation thereby causing bushier growth. Option D is incorrect as ethylene inhibits cell elongation.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    ________ is light sensitive hormone.
    Solution
    Plants always grow towards sunlight and bend towards sunlight. This is due to presence of light sensitive hormone auxin which gets diffused side of the shoots away from sunlight at a region in stem thus the stem bends towards sunlight.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following hormone induces cell division?
    Solution
    Cytokinins stimulate cell division, even in non-meristematic cells, in presence of auxin. They are most abundant in the growing tissues which are active site of cell division, for example: root, embryos, fruits etc. This makes option C correct. Option A is incorrect as auxins are the growth hormones that cause cell division as well as cell expansion, thereby causing growth while cytokinins are not involved in cell expansion but only in cell division. Option B is incorrect as gibberellins cause cell elongation. Treatment with gibberellins causes bolting (stem elongation) and reverses dwarfism by increasing the intermodal length. Trypsin is a globular protein with 24kD and one polypeptide chain of 220 residues and serves as proteolytic enzyme (protein digesting enzyme). Option D is incorrect. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In a plant, auxin synthesis occurs in 
    Solution
    Auxin is a plant growth hormone that promotes growth via cell elongation, stimulates parthenocarpy, adventitious root formation and fights against abscission. It is synthesized in shoot tip and is moved down the stem under influence of force of gravity. Likewise, auxin synthesis in root tip is followed by its upward movement to shoot. Auxin movement from shoot and root tip is known as polar transport which is an energy driven process (active transport). 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is not a synthetic auxin?
    Solution
     Correct option (D)
     Explanation of correct answer:
    • Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is a natural plant auxin. 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T are artificial auxins used as weedicides. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) is also an artificial auxin widely used in agriculture.
    • Plants have isolated IAA and IBA (Indole Butyric Acid). All of these auxins are widely employed in agricultural and horticultural operations.
      So, option (D) is the correct answer.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following pairs, is not correctly matched?
    Solution
    Correct option: B
    Explanation:
    • Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are chemicals that stimulate various processes in plants. 
    • Some PGRs are Abscisic acid, Gibberellic acid, Cytokinin, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA).
    • Gibberellic acid is responsible for the growth of leaves and stems. 
    • Abscisic acid on the other hand stimulates the closure of stomata during drought-like conditions. 
    • Cytokinin as the name suggests promotes cell division. 
    • Indole Acetic Acid is responsible for the elongation of the cell wall. 
    • Leaf fall is simulated by Ethylene.
    • Hence, the incorrectly matched pair is Gibberellic acid and leaf fall. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Parthenocarpy can be induces by increasing the concentration of _________
    Solution
    The formation of fruit without fertilization of male and female gamete is called parthenocarpy. These are seedless fruits. Increasing the concentration of gibberelic acid results in formation of seedless fruits.
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