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Digestion and Absorption Test - 17

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 17
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    What are the functions of goblet cells?
    Solution
    Goblet cells are the modified simple epithelial columnar cells. It is found in the lining of organs like intestine and respiratory tract. It secretes mucin (glycoprotein) and maintains the layer of mucous which facilitates passage of material through the intestine. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Match list I with list II and choose the correct option.
    List I                                                                List II
    (A) Salivary amylase                             (l) Proteins
    (B) Bile salts                                         (2) Milk proteins
    (C) Rennin                                             (3) Starch
    (D) Pepsin                                              (4) Lipids
    (E) Steapsin                                           (5) Emulsification of fats

    Solution
    Salivary amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar and is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. The primary function of the bile salt is the emulsification of fats. Emulsification is the process, where large globules of fat are broken down into smaller globules. Rennin also called chymosin is the protein digesting enzyme that curdles milk by transforming caseinogen into insoluble casein. It is synthesized by chief cells in the stomach. Pepsin is an enzyme released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides. Steapsin is a digestive enzyme of pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats to fatty acids and glycerol.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Below freezing point digestive enzymes are
    Solution
    Below freezing point, enzymes are inactivated, but not denatured. Enzymes regain their function when brought to normal temperature. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Salivary amylase, a digestive enzyme begins digestion of
    Solution
    The digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth itself due to the presence of saliva. Saliva is secreted by salivary glands in the mouth and it contains enzyme salivary amylase which digests starch in the mouth into maltose, isomaltose and limit dextrins. About 30% of carbohydrate digestion takes place in mouth. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The digestive enzyme that is not found in human pancreatic juice is

    Solution
    • Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, nucleases, and amylase. 
    • A nucleotidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that is not found in human pancreatic juice. 
    • It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide into a nucleoside and a phosphate. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Digestion is brought about by:

    Solution
    The breaking down of food, which is made up of complex organic molecules, into smaller molecules by enzymes that the body can absorb and use for maintenance and growth is called as digestion.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which is same as pepsinogen?
    Solution
    • Pepsinogen proenzyme is released by the chief cells in the stomach wall, and upon mixing with the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice, pepsinogen activates to become pepsin. 
    • Trypsinogen is present in the pancreas and released in significant amount when required for protein digestion. Trypsinogen is in an inactive form which is converted to active form trypsin. Hence, trypsinogen is same as pepsinogen.
    So, the correct answer is 'trypsinogen'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following process will be affected by the absence of enterokinase?
    Solution
    A trypsinogen is a precursor form of trypsin. Trypsin is involved in the breakdown of proteins. It cleaves the peptide bond of a polypeptide to yield amino acids. The inactivated form trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase. It is produced by the duodenum. It converts trypsinogen to trypsin. The absence of enterokinase will lead to the absence of an active form of the enzyme, trypsin which is involved in the conversion of dipeptides to amino acids.
    Thus, the correct option is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Pepsin is produced by
    Solution
    Hydrolysis of protein chains into amino acids is done first by the enzyme pepsin in the stomach. Pepsin is secreted from glands in the stomach where pepsinogen is converted to active form pepsin, by hydrochloric acid.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Identify the correct set which shows the name of the enzymes from where it is secreted and the substrate upon which it acts.

    Solution
    Pepsin is an enzyme whose zymogen (pepsinogen) is released by the chief cells in the stomach and degrades proteins into peptides. In the presence of calcium, rennin changes irreversibly the casein of milk to a paracasein which is then acted upon by pepsin.
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