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Digestion and Absorption Test - 18

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 18
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Trypsin converts
    Solution
    Trypsin is produced in the pancreas as the inactive proenzyme trypsinogen. In the duodenum, trypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, breaking down proteins into smaller peptides. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Match the following and choose the correct combination from the options given.

    		Column I

    		Column II
    A
    		Ptyalin
    		1
    		Lipids
    B
    		Pepsin
    		2
    		Starch
    C
    		Steapsin
    		3
    		DNA
    D
    		Nuclease
    		4
    		Proteins
    Solution
    Salivary amylase is found in saliva and breaks starch into maltose and dextrin. Pepsin is an enzyme released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides. Steapsin is a digestive enzyme of pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats to fatty acids and glycerol. A nuclease is an enzyme which cleaves the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids. Examples of nucleases are deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Cells of the pancreas are not digested by their own enzymes because
    Solution
    The pancreatic enzymes are actually proto-enzymes; they require another chemical in the duodenum to transform into an actual enzyme. For example, trypsinogen, produced in the pancreas, activates in the presence of enterokinase, produced in the duodenum. When activated, trypsinogen becomes the enzyme trypsin. This method of activating an enzyme only in the duodenum protects the pancreas from destruction by its own enzyme production.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following enzymes initiates protein digestion?
    Solution
    • Protein digestion first begins in the stomach, where pepsinogen is converted to active form pepsin, by hydrochloric acid. Pepsin breaks proteins down into polypeptides. 
    • Aminopeptidase, Carboxypeptidase, and Trypsin work on proteins when half-digested food enters the small intestine.

    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Enzymes, vitamins and hormones can be classified into a single category of biological chemicals, because all of them

    Solution
    Enzymes are used to catalyze (speed up) reactions within the body. The regulation of enzymes help maintain the body's equilibrium. The main function of vitamins is to facilitate the action of enzymes. Hormones carry out the necessary functions required to help the body remain in a state of homeostasis, or continual balance. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following belongs to the class of pepsin and trypsin?

    Solution
    • Pepsin, rennin and trypsin are digestive enzymes. 
    • Pepsin and renin are enzymes secreted by the gastric pits in the stomach. They are the active forms of pepsinogen and prorenin respectively, which activate when they come into contact with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach. 
    • Trypsin is the active form of trypsinogen, secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum, which is activated by enterokinase secreted by the cells of the small intestine. Hence, Rennin belongs to the class of pepsin and trypsin.
    So, the correct answer is 'rennin'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is the correct match of digestive enzyme and substrate?
    Solution
    • Digestive enzymes are a group of enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecues into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. 
    • These digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of food so that the nutrients contained within the food can be absorbed.
    • Steapsin belongs to the class of digestive enzymes called lipases found in the pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. Hence, fats-steapsin is the correct match of digestive enzyme and substrate.
    So, the correct answer is 'Fat-Steapsin'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The process by which digested food of the alimentary canal passes through its mucous membrane into circulatory system is called
    Solution
    • Absorption is the process by which the nutrients in food are passed on to the blood. 
    • Absorption occurs by the villi, small bristle-like protrusions in the mucosa. 

    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Digestion is the conversion of large molecules into small ones. This is due to
    Solution
    Digestion is the breakdown of food by digestive enzymes into smaller components that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by the body. These smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Emulsified fat is digested by
    Solution
    Before fat can pass into the lacteal, bile from the liver causes its emulsification into small droplets for activation by the enzyme lipase, secreted by pancreatic juice.
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