Digestion and Absorption Test

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 23

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Question 1
1 / -0

The folds of Kerkring are developed in

A
Duodenum

B
Jejunum

C
Ileum

D
Large intestine

Solution

The entire small intestine has circular folds of the mucous membrane, the valves' of kerkring These folds are more prominent in the jejunum.
Question 2
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Assertion : The main part of carbohydrate digestion
takes place in small intestine.

Reason : Here pancreatic amylase converts
carbohydrates into lactose

A
If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason

is a correct explanation of the assertion

B
If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is

not a correct explanation of the assertion

C
If the assertion is true but the reason is false

D
If both the assertion and reason are false

E
If the assertion is false but reason is true

Solution

In small intestine Pancreatic amylase converts starch and dextrose into maltoses and small intestine is main site for digestion of carbohydrates.
Question 3
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Which of the following sugars is absorbed from the small
intestine by facilitated diffusion

A
Fructose

B
Glucose

C
Sucrose

D
Lactose

Solution

Glucose and gala dose are absorbed by active transport. Fructoseis absorbed by facilitated diffusion.
Question 4
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The main function of the colon (large intestine) of mammals is to

A
Temporarily store of excretory products

B
Absorb water from undigested food

C
Absorb digested food

D
Digest cellulose

E
Produce enzymes used in other parts of the alimentary

canal

Solution

The main function of the colon is absorption of much of the water from undigested food and leaving the solid material as faeces.
Question 5
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Which of the following controls the peristaltic movement of
the intestine?

A
Sacral Plexus

B
Brachia! Plexus

C
Discoidal Plexus

D
Auerbach's Plexus

Solution

Auerbach's plexus is the part of the autonomic nervous system in vertebrates lying between the two main muscular layers of the intestine and controlling its peristaltic movements.
Question 6
1 / -0

Protein deficiency in children is called

A
Obesity

B
Marasmus

C
Diabetes

D
Kwashiorkor

Solution

Kwashoprkor is caused by the deficiency of proteins in diet this disease occurs in children of age group 1 to 5 years.
Question 7
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts in human alimentary canal?

A
Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine

B
Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine

C
Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine $$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine

D
Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine$$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine
Solution
Hint - The digestion of food starts from the mouth and ends at the anus.
Part 1 - Alimentary canal
The alimentary canal is a hollow muscular tube organ that starts at the mouth and terminates at the anus.
The function of the alimentary canal is digestion and absorption of the food.
The important parts of the alimentary canal are – Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine and Large intestine.

Part 2 - Parts of the Alimentary canal
The different organs of the alimentary canal can be explained as –
Mouth is the first part of the alimentary canal where partial digestion of food takes place with the help of saliva secreted by the salivary gland. From the mouth, food enters the Oesophagus.
Oesophagus is a long and thin muscular tube that passes through the neck, thorax and diaphragm and opens into a muscular bag-like structure called the stomach.
Stomach is a muscular organ consist of three regions – cardiac region, fundic region and pyloric region. The pyloric region of the stomach opens into the ‘C’ shaped duodenum of the small intestine.
Small Intestine - The longest part of the alimentary canal is divided into three parts- Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum. The ileum opens into the large intestine.
Large Intestine - It is a wide tube consists of three parts- Caecum, Colon, and Rectum. The colon is divided into four regions- ascending colon, the transverse colon, descending colon and the sigmoid colon. Through the sigmoid colon the descending part of the colon opens into Rectum. The rectum is the distal part of the alimentary canal that opens into the anus.
Part 3 - Conclusion
Food enters the body through the mouth. Then enters the stomach through the oesophagus. From the stomach, the semi-digested food enters into the small intestine where digestion and absorption take place. At last, the food travels through the large intestine and excess water get absorbed.
Final stage - The correct sequence of the human alimentary canal is Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine $$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine.
Question 8
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Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have ______on their surface.

A
Zymogen granules

B
Pinocytic vesicles

C
Phagocytic vesicles

D
Microvilli

Solution

Micro villi are the finger like projections, which are present inside the small intestine. These projections help in the absorption of nutrients like glucose, amino acids etc. through the semipermeable membrane by the process of simple diffusion. It also increase the area of absorption.
So, the correct answer is 'Microvilli'.
Question 9
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If salivary amylase is lacking in the saliva, which of the following events in the mouth cavity will be affected?

A
Proteins breaking down into amino acids.

B
Starch breaking down into sugars.

C
Fats breaking down into fatty acids and glycerol.

D
Absorption of vitamins.
Solution
Hint - Digestion of food starts from the mouth itself because of the presence of salivary amylase in saliva.

Part 1 - Structure of starch
Starch is a heteropolysaccharide made up of two chains - Amylose and Amylopectin.
Amylose is made up of straight-chain polymer of $$\alpha-$$D Glucose and Amylopectin is made up of branched-chain polymer of $$\alpha-$$D Glucose.

Part 2 - Action of Salivary amylase
The salivary amylase is secreted by the salivary glands (like - Parotid gland, Sublingual gland, and Sub-maxillary gland).
It acts on the $$\alpha 1\rightarrow4$$ linkage present in amylose and amylopectin.
Thus, break the starch by producing small chain polysaccharides and disaccharides like $$\alpha$$-Dextrin and Maltose.

Part 3 - Conclusion
Salivary amylase cannot act upon the breakdown of proteins, fats, and the absorption of vitamins.
Salivary amylase can only digest the starch into smaller sugar molecules.
Thus, if salivary amylase is not present in the saliva then the starch digestion in the mouth would not take place.

Final step - If salivary amylase is lacking in the saliva, only starch breakdown will be affected.
Question 10
1 / -0

Marasmus disease is caused due to

A
Protein deficiency

B
Obesity

C
Dwarfism

D
Deficiency of vitamins

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 23

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Question 1

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Large intestine

Solution

Question 2

If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reasonis a correct explanation of the assertion

If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason isnot a correct explanation of the assertion

If the assertion is true but the reason is false

If both the assertion and reason are false

If the assertion is false but reason is true

Solution

Question 3

Fructose

Glucose

Sucrose

Lactose

Solution

Question 4

Temporarily store of excretory products

Absorb water from undigested food

Absorb digested food

Digest cellulose

Produce enzymes used in other parts of the alimentarycanal

Solution

Question 5

Sacral Plexus

Brachia! Plexus

Discoidal Plexus

Auerbach's Plexus

Solution

Question 6

Obesity

Marasmus

Diabetes

Kwashiorkor

Solution

Question 7

Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine

Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine

Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine $$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine

Mouth $$\rightarrow$$ Oesophagus $$\rightarrow$$ Stomach $$\rightarrow$$ Small intestine$$\rightarrow$$ Large intestine

Solution

Question 8

Zymogen granules

Pinocytic vesicles

Phagocytic vesicles

Microvilli

Solution

Question 9

Proteins breaking down into amino acids.

Starch breaking down into sugars.

Fats breaking down into fatty acids and glycerol.

Absorption of vitamins.

Solution

Question 10

Protein deficiency

Obesity

Dwarfism

Deficiency of vitamins

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If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason

is a correct explanation of the assertion

If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is

not a correct explanation of the assertion

Produce enzymes used in other parts of the alimentary

canal