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Digestion and Absorption Test - 27

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 27
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    During evacuation of stomach content in duodenum
    Solution
    The human alimentary canal is hollow and made up of muscles. The oesophagus opens into the stomach. The part of the stomach into which oesophagus opens is the cardiac part. The stomach leads into the small intestine. The pyloric part of stomach leads into the small intestine. The small intestine is divided into three parts duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Pyloric stomach leads into the duodenum through pyloric sphincter guarded by the pyloric valve. The difference in pressure on two sides of pyloric sphincter will allow passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum. When the intragastric pressure exceeds intraduodenal pressure the contents of stomach pass into the duodenum.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Lingual lipase which can digest 30% of dietary triglycerides is released by
    Solution
    Lingual lipase release is signaled by autonomic nervous system after ingestion, during which the serous glands under the circumvallate and foliate papillae on the surface of the tongue secrete lingual lipase to the grooves of the circumvallate and foliate papillae. The hydrolysis of the dietary fats is essential for fat absorption by the small intestine, as long chain triacyglycerides cannot be absorbed, and as much as 30% of fat is hydrolyzed within 1 to 20 minutes of ingestion by lingual lipase alone.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    A secretion which aids in digestion of major foodstuffs is
    Solution
    • Pancreatic enzymes help break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The pancreatic juice secreted into the duodenum contains pancreatic enzymes (lipase, protease, amylase) to help with digestion and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid as it enters the small intestine.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Enzyme pepsin acts upon food at a pH of approximately
    Solution
    In the stomach, the gastric juice has a very low pH, around 2, and there the enzyme pepsin acts to intensively digest proteins. In the duodenum, pancreatic secretions increase the pH of the enteric juice for the action of other digestive enzymes, for example, trypsin. The primary function of the stomach is to break large proteins into smaller peptides and peptones. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the acidic environment of the stomach (1.5 to 7.0 pH), which digests proteins into smaller peptides.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Strongest proteolytic enzyme is released by ............ part of alimentary canal.
    Solution
    The oesophagus leads into the stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac. The stomach is the most important site of protein digestion. Stomach wall has peptic cells, chief cells secrete pepsinogen and oxyntic and parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid. The pepsinogen is activated to pepsin on exposure to hydrochloric acid. The pepsin is a chief proteolytic enzyme of the alimentary canal. Another important enzyme of the stomach is lysozyme which is antibacterial. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    ------- is the bolus of food after digestion in the acidic medium.
    Solution
    Chyme is a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions i.e., formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Carbohydrates are not digested in
    Solution
    The starch is digested in mouth by chewing and the action of the amylase. Amylase works in the pH of 6.8. whereas the pH in stomach is 2. Amylase cannot work under such pH and there is no other enzyme to digest starch in the stomach, except pepsin and rennin, that are concerned with protein digestion.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Trypsin is an enzyme which changes
    Solution
    In the duodenum, trypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, breaking down proteins into smaller peptides. The peptide products are then further hydrolyzed into amino acids via other proteases, rendering them available for absorption into the bloodstream. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Caesin is converted to caesinogen by active rennin in the presence of
    Solution
    In young mammals milk protein caseinogens is digested by the help of an enzyme called rennin. It is secreted as prorennin, which changes into active rennin in the presence of $$HCl$$. Rennin curdles milk protein caseinogens, which is hydrolysed into casein. Rennin converts casein into solid calcium paracaseinate in presence of $$Ca^{++}$$, so that pepsin can reduce it to proteoses. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is correct for gastric lipase in stomach?
    Solution
    Lipase is made up of polypeptide and amino acids; its main function is to break the fats cells and make it available to body cells. Gastric lipase acts on the triglyceride molecules to liberate fatty acids and glycerol molecules. Fatty acid molecules are easily absorbed by the walls of the intestine and transported to blood.
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