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Digestion and Absorption Test - 29

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 29
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  • Question 1
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    If the chyme of a person who had orally consumed only starch as food is analyzed before it enters the duodenum,it will show the presence of 
    Solution
    Carbohydrates are the first biomolecules to be digested. The starch in food is acted upon by salivary amylase called as ptyalin. Ptyalin splits dietary starch into limit dextrin and maltose. All the starch in diet is not acted upon by salivary amylase and remaining is digested in intestine. The amylase is inactivated in stomach due to low pH. Hence, the chyme of person who has consumed only starch will show dextrin, maltose and starch.
  • Question 2
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    Paneth cells are found in
    Solution
    Paneth cell is the principal cell of mucous layer of the small intestine. It is also called as Davidoff's cells. It secretes cryptdins (a type of defensins) which provide immunity. 
  • Question 3
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    Role of invertase is to convert
    Solution
    Invertase is an enzyme present in succus entericus. It is also called as sucrase. It hydrolyzes sucrose into its components glucose and fructose.
  • Question 4
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    The factor which governs the absorption of digested food by intestinal villi is 
    Solution
    To reach the blood (or lymph), a nutrient molecule must pass through an epithelial cell lining the intestine and through a cell lining a blood or lymph vessel. Absorption occurs by a combination of simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport which causes differential absorption of nutrients.
    As fats are insoluble in water they need to be emulsified into small water soluble droplets so that lipase can act on them. The emulsification is brought about by bile salts. Term p    eristalsis describes the series of muscular movements in digestive tract which push the food. The term osmosis is used to describe movement of water molecules across semipermeable membrane along the concentration gradient. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The main digestive function of enterorkinase is
    Solution
    Enterokinase is an enzyme produced in intestine. Its major role is in activation of the proenzyme trypsinogen to active trypsin. The active trypsin in turn activates chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin and procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Find the correctly matched pair.
    Solution
    Protein splitting enzymes are usually secreted as inactive precursors or zymogen form like pepsin is secreted as pepsinogen and trypsin is secreted as trypsinogen. The fundic glands in the fundic part of stomach contain peptic or chief cells or zymogen cells, which produce the zymogen pepsinogen and parietal or oxyntic cells, which produce hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid makes gastric juice acidic (pH 2 to 3.7) and activates pepsinogen into pepsin. Pepsin is the principal protein splitting enzyme of stomach.
  • Question 7
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    Dextrin is formed by
    Solution
    Dextrin is a type of carbohydrate, having the same general formula as starch but a smaller and less complex molecule. They are polysaccharides and are produced as intermediate products in the hydrolysis of starch by heat, by acids, and by enzymes. Their nature and their chemical behaviour depend to a great extent on the kind of starch from which they are derived.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food (low in proteins and calories); the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from
    Solution

    Solution

    Correct answer is option C.

    Explanation for correct option

    • Marasmus is a disorder caused by a deficiency of food or protein. 
    • It occurs in infants below 1 year of age when they do not get sufficient mother's milk or a weaning diet. 
    • Marasmus babies have an emaciated body with a shrivelled appearance, thin face, sunken eyes, wrinkled thin and dry skin, protruding ribs, reduced digestion and frequent diarrhoea.

  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Select the wrong statement.
    Solution
    Rennin also called chymosin, is a protein-digesting enzyme that curdles milk by transforming caseinogen into insoluble casein; it is found only in the fourth stomach of cud-chewing animals, such as cows.
  • Question 10
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    Pepsin acts in
    Solution
    Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the mucosal lining of the stomach, that acts to degrade protein. Pepsin is one of three principal protein-degrading, or proteolytic, enzymes in the digestive system. Pepsin is synthesized in an inactive form by the stomach lining. Pepsin acts in an acidic medium.
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