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Digestion and Absorption Test - 30

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 30
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The diagram of large intestine of man is given above. Identify the parts labelled A, B, C, D, E and F.

    Solution
    The caecum is an intraperitoneal pouch, that is the beginning of the large intestine. It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. The vermiform appendix is a vestigial hollow blind-ended tube connected to the caecum. The ascending colon is the part of the colon located between the caecum and the transverse colon. The transverse colon is the longest and most movable part of the colon. It crosses the abdomen from the ascending colon at the hepatic or right colic flexure with a downward convexity to the descending colon where it curves sharply on itself beneath the lower end of the spleen forming the splenic or left colic flexure. The descending colon is the part of the colon from the splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon and thereby part of the large intestine. The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Taenia coli are associated with
    Solution
    Taenia coli are  three bands of smooth muscles which runs in the length of large intestine. Taenia coli contract lengthwise to produce the haustra, the bulges in the colon.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Compound tubuloalveolar gland is 
    Solution
    Alveolar glands have a saclike secretory portion, thus are also termed saccular glands. They typically have an enlarged lumen (cavity). Compound tubuloalveolar glands start out as simple branched tubular and branch further to terminate in alveoli. The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals. The gland has short, striated ducts and long, intercalated ducts. The intercalated ducts are also numerous and lined with cuboidal epithelial cells, and have lumina larger than those of the acini. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The cells of the epithelial lining in the vertebrate stomach are not damaged by HCl because of
    Solution
    The mucosa of the stomach has gastric glands. Gastric glands have three major types of cells namely mucous neck cells, which secrete mucus that protects the stomach wall from the acidic condition. Peptic or chief cells, which secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen which gets activated in the presence of acidic conditions and convert into the pepsin for protein digestion. Parietal or oxyntic cells, which secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (factor essential for absorption of vitamin $$B_{12}$$). The mucus and bicarbonates present in the gastric juice play an important role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by the highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Vertebrate salivary glands and exocrine part of pancreas are
    Solution

    .Correct option: D

    Explanation:

    If the secretions of the cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct and then into the lumen then it is called as merocrine gland Merocrine is the most predominant way of secretion. The merocrine gland releases its product and no part of the gland is damaged or removed.

    Eccrine is a particular kind of merocrine sweat gland, that's is present in the human body. Hence, Merocrine is the correct answer.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    __________ can be used to treat acidity.
    Solution
    When there is an upsurge in the amount of acid produced by the stomach, it can cause acidity. Acidity can also be caused by overeating, stress, unhealthy food habits, etc.
    Now, sodium bicarbonate mixed with water acts as an antacid (base) that neutralizes the excess acid. 
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Hyponatremia occurs when there is loss of sodium through
    Solution
    In hypovolaemic hyponatraemia the extracellular fluid volume is reduced. Causes include excessive gastrointestinal losses and salt-losing nephropathies. Cerebral salt wasting is an occasional cause of hyponatraemia in neurosurgical patients or patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
    So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Hydrochloric acid facilitates the action of which of the following enzyme?
    Solution
    The stomach does digestion by churning the bolus into a creamy chyme. Several enzymes are secreted in the stomach including gastric lipase, gastric amylase, gelatinase and pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is the inactive form of the proteolytic enzyme pepsin which is activated via acid hydrolysis with the hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The part of alimentary canal that absorbs maximum amount of water and minerals is 
    Solution
    The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body. Thus, Option B is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Match the following and choose the correct combination from the options given.
      List I  List II
     A Ptyalin 1 Lipids
     B Pepsin 2Starch 
     C Steapsin 3 DNA
     D Nuclease 4 Proteins
    Solution
    Ptyalin is starch splitting enzyme of saliva. Pepsin is gastric enzyme, which acts on proteins. Steapsin is pancreatic lipase, which acts on lipids. Nucleases  are nucleic acids splitting enzymes of pancreatic juice. They act on nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
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