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Digestion and Absorption Test - 33

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 33
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Amount of fat increases in the body due to excess intake of
    Solution
    Excess carbohydrates in diet are converted into glycogen and stored in liver and muscles to be used during starvation or in-between meals to maintain a constant blood glucose level. Still excess carbohydrates are converted into adipose tissue of fat and stored around visceral organs and under the skin.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Enzyme maltase in human gut acts on food at a pH of 
    Solution
    Alkaline intestinal juice (pH 7.8 to 8.0) assists in raising the pH of the intestinal contents to between 6.5 and 7.5. Sucrase, maltase and lactase complete the digestion of carbohydrates by converting disaccharides such as sucrose, maltose and lactose to monosaccharides in the intestine.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Enterokinase stimulates, which of the following?
    Solution
    Enterokinase, also called enteropeptidase, is a proteolytic enzyme, secreted from the duodenal mucosa, that changes the inactive pancreatic secretion trypsinogen into trypsin, one of the enzymes that digest proteins. Enterokinase is produced by the glands of Brunner in the membrane lining of the duodenum.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Point out the odd one.
    Solution

    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:

    • Rennin: Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme.

    • It is found in the Gastric juice of infants. 

    • It causes the digestion of milk proteins.

    • Secretin : It secretes  by the intestinal mucosa of duodenum and jejunum. 

    • It stimulates the release of water and bicarbonates ions from the exocrine pancreas in pancreatic juice.

    • Calcitonin:  It is involved in calcium homeostasis.

    • Oxytocin: It is the hormone that acts on smooth muscles and stimulates their contraction. 

    • It stimulates strong contractions of the uterus at the time of childbirth.

    • Except for rennin which is an enzyme, all others are hormones.

    Hence, the odd one is rennin.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The enzyme that catalyse the changing of emulsified oils to fatty acids and glycerol is
    Solution
    Lipase is an enzyme, that hydrolyzes lipids, the ester bonds in triglycerides, to form fatty acids and glycerol. Lipases perform essential roles in the digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids (e.g., triglycerides, fats, oils).
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Maximum number of enzymes occur in 
    Solution
    Omnivores eat both plant as well as animal based diet. Hence, a greater variety of digestive enzymes are expected in their alimentary canal, which can digest both plant and animal based food.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Pancreatic juice is released into
    Solution
    The pancreas contains exocrine glands, that produce enzymes important to digestion. When food enters the stomach, these pancreatic juices are released into a system of ducts, that end in the main pancreatic duct. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct to form the ampulla of Vater, which is located at the first portion of the small intestine, called the duodenum. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Pancreatic lipase acts upon 
    Solution
    The pancreas secretes lipase enzymes, that act upon dietary fat molecules. Most dietary fat molecules are in the form of triglycerides. The cells lining the small intestine cannot absorb the large triglyceride molecules, so pancreatic lipase breaks the triglyceride into a smaller monoglyceride molecule and two free fatty acids. The cells lining the small intestine, then absorb the monoglycerides and fatty acids to use for energy production.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Aminopeptidase, a digestive enzyme catalyses the cleavage of
    Solution
    Peptidases are the hydrolytic enzymes, which cleave peptide linkage and remove amino acids. The peptidase can be endopeptidase or an exopeptidase. The endopeptidase will cleave a peptide linkage at an internal location but exopeptidases will cleave external peptide linkages- either from the amino terminal or from the carboxyl terminal. Aminopeptidase is an exopeptidase and will remove amino acids from the amino terminal end of a peptide chain. It is complementary to carboxypeptidase, which will cleave peptide chain and remove amino acids from the carboxyl terminal. Thus the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Enzyme trypsinogen is changed to trypsin by
    Solution
    Trypsinogen is activated by enteropeptidase (also called enterokinase). Enteropeptidase is produced by the mucosa of duodenum.
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