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Digestion and Absorption Test - 41

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 41
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which is the first part of the small intestine in humans?
    Solution
    • The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. 
    • The small intestine is divided into three parts such as duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. 
    1. The duodenum is a first part of the small intestine continuous with the stomach and shaped like a "C". 
    2. The jejunum is the midsection of the small intestine, connecting the duodenum to the ileum. 
    3. The ileum is the final section of the small intestine. 
    Thus, option A is correct.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    A digestive enzyme salivary amylase (present in saliva) begins digestion of
    Solution
    Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, breaking it down into smaller carbohydrate molecules. It is produced at two sites. First, salivary glands in the mouth make salivary amylase, which begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when the food is chewed. It converts the starch to maltose, a smaller carbohydrate. When starchy foods like rice or potatoes begin to break down in the mouth, a slightly sweet taste is detected, as maltose is released. Cells in the pancreas make another type of amylase, called pancreatic amylase, which passes through a duct to reach the small intestine. Pancreatic amylase completes digestion of carbohydrate, producing glucose, a small molecule that is absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body. Salivary amylase does not act on proteins, fats or nucleic acids. Thus, option D is correct.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following enzyme acts efficiently at pH 2?
    Solution
    Ptyalin is present in human saliva, is a metalloenzyme and requires calcium ions for function. The optimum conditions for ptyalin activity are a pH range of 5.6–6.9, a temperature of 37°C, and the presence of certain anions and activators, such as chloride, bromide, and iodide. Pepsin is most active in acidic environments between 37 °C and 42 °C. Accordingly, its primary site of synthesis and activity is in the stomach (pH 1.5 to 2). Pepsin exhibits maximal activity at pH 2.0 and is inactive at pH 6.5 and above, however pepsin is not fully denatured or irreversibly inactivated until pH 8.0. Trypsis optimum pH is 7.8-8.7. Thus, option B is correct.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In human digestive system, the enzyme trypsin is secreted by
    Solution
    Trypsin is produced in the pancreas as the inactive protease trypsinogen. In the duodenum, trypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, breaking down proteins into smaller peptides. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Inactive enzyme precursors such as pepsinogen for pepsin are called as
    Solution
    A zymogen or proenzyme is an inactive enzyme precursor. A zymogen requires a biochemical change such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, or changing the configuration to reveal the active site for it to become an active enzyme. Holoenzymes are the active forms of enzymes. Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. Actinases are not inactive enzymes. Thus, option C is correct.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Curdling of milk in the stomach is due to the action of
    Solution
    Chymosin, known also as rennin, is a proteolytic enzyme synthesized by chief cells in the stomach. Its role in digestion is to curdle or coagulate milk in the stomach, a process of considerable importance in the very young animal. If milk were not coagulated, it would rapidly flow through the stomach and miss the opportunity for initial digestion of its proteins. Chymosin efficiently converts liquid milk to a semi-solid like cottage cheese, allowing it to be retained for longer periods in the stomach. Chymosin secretion is maximal during the first few days after birth, and declines thereafter, replaced in effect by secretion of pepsin as the major gastric protease. Thus, option B is correct. Pepsin, HCl and trypsin does not involve in curdling of milk in the stomach. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Saliva has the enzyme
    Solution
    Ptyalin is an amylase present in saliva that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into maltose and dextrin. An enzyme found in the saliva of humans and herbivorous animals that helps in the predigestion of starches. Ptyalin is a type of amylase. Rennin, trypsin and pepsin acts on proteins and absent in saliva. Thus, option B is correct.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    A lubricant, mucin in saliva is made up of
    Solution
    Mucins are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins (glycoconjugates) produced by epithelial tissues in most organisms of kingdom Animalia. Mucin's key characteristic is their ability to form gels, therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions. It serves functions like lubrication, cell signalling and forming chemical barriers. Although some mucins are membrane-bound, due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favours retention in the plasma membrane most mucins are secreted onto mucosal surfaces or secreted to become a component of saliva. So, mucin is made of glycoproteins and not of polyunsaturated fates, actin and myosin or phospholipids. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Vermiform appendix is made up of
    Solution
    The appendix is the blind-ended tube located at the junction of the small and large intestines. The tissues that make up the appendix and the surrounding gut region are immune tissue and is lymphatic in origin
    So, the correct answer is 'Lymphatic tissue'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The original function of the vertebrate stomach was
    Solution
    According to the body's needs, the stomach decides what to do with the food. If the small intestine is full and busy absorbing molecules from a previous meal, for instance, the stomach temporarily stores the food. On the other hand, if the body is in need of nutrients and the small intestine is ready for absorption, the stomach begins to break down the macromolecules found in the food and creates a semi-liquid mixture called chyme. This decision-making step of the stomach helps control the pace of the digestive system. The stomach of vertebrates is able to break down macromolecules due to its highly acidic environment, which causes molecular bond stress and forces them to break. So, the original function of the vertebrate stomach was storage but, due to acidic medium it also breaks down the food. Thus, option A is correct.
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