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Digestion and Absorption Test - 42

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 42
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Gastric digestion takes place efficiently in
    Solution
    The gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and other digestive enzymes, gastrin, mucus, and bicarbonates. It has a pH ranging from 1 to 2. Its low pH is essential in activating many digestive enzymes and in destroying various pathogens. So, gastric digestion takes place efficiently in acidic medium
    So, the correct answer is 'Acidic medium'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In which of the following organ of man, Entamoeba histolytica is found?
    Solution
    Entamoeba histolytica is a single-celled protozoan that enters the human body primarily through ingestion of contaminated food or water. When cysts enter the body, they embed in the digestive tract where they release an invasive form of the parasite called as the trophozoite. The parasites reproduce in the digestive tract and migrate to the large intestine. There, they can burrow into the intestinal wall or the colon. This causes bloody diarrhea, colitis, and tissue destruction.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Colon, caecum, appendix and rectum are parts of
    Solution
    The inferior region of the large intestine forms a short dead-end segment known as the cecum that terminates in the vermiform appendix. The superior region forms a hollow tube known as the ascending colon that climbs along the right side of the abdomen. Just inferior to the diaphragm, the ascending colon turns about 90 degrees toward the middle of the body at the hepatic flexure and continues across the abdomen as the transverse colon. At the left side of the abdomen, the transverse colon turns about 90 degrees at the splenic flexure and runs down the left side of the abdomen as the descending colon. At the end of the descending colon, the large intestine bends slightly medially at the sigmoid flexure to form the S-shaped sigmoid colon before straightening into the rectum. The rectum is the enlarged final segment of the large intestine that terminates at the anus.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Venniform appendix is made up of
    Solution
    The vermiform appendix is attached to its posteromedial surface of the large intestine. It contains masses of lymphoid tissue. It is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue which gives the appendix an important role in immunity. Appendicitis is the result of a blockage that traps infectious material in the lumen. The appendix can be removed with no damage or consequence to the patient. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following substances can be assimilated unchanged? 
    Solution
    Vitamins are organic substances that help our bodies to function properly. Being a general source of energy supply these are crucial for the activities carried out by the cells and organs as well as the functioning of the body's immune systems. The human body goes through the process of bio-assimilation, which is actually the combination of two processes that help supply the cells with nutrients. The absorption of vitamins like minerals takes place in the gastrointestinal tract where it is broken down by enzymes and through the physical process of mastication. There is no chemical alteration of the substance. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following plays a key role in absorption and distribution of fats?
    Solution
    The intestinal absorptive cells or the villi collects the reconstructed triglycerides, combine them with phospholipids and cholesterol which is then released into the lymph in the form of protein coated water soluble fat globules called chylomicrons so as to be transported to blood through the central lacteal of the lymphatic system and which is then distribute throughout the body.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Two communicable diseases prevalent in developing countries caused by unsafe drinking water and bad sanitation are
    Solution
    Schistosomiasis infection is acquired when people come into contact with fresh water infested with the larval forms of parasitic blood flukes, known as schistosomes. The microscopic adult worms live in the veins draining the urinary tract and intestines. Eggs from the mature worms are passed out (excreted) in the faeces or urine of an infected person. These eggs can get into fresh water if it is contaminated with human sewage. Symptoms can be bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, right upper quadrant pain, cramps.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Kwashiorkor is likely in children who get
    Solution
    Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition, caused by a deficiency in dietary protein. The extreme lack of protein causes an osmotic imbalance in the gastro-intestinal system causing swelling of the gut diagnosed as an edema or retention of water. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a public health problem that exists among children in developing countries, and in certain communities of some developed countries mainly resulting from poor nutritional intake, bad hygiene practices and frequent infections.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The internal secretion of ............ helps in digestion.
    Solution
    The stomach wall secretes gastric juices and a mixture of HCl, pepsinogen and mucous. HCl increases the pH of the stomach due to which pepsinogen gets activated and gets converted into the active form pepsin which digests the protein molecule. Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The saliva helps in the digestion of
    Solution
    Saliva is the watery and usually somewhat frothy substance produced in the mouths of some animals, including humans. Produced in salivary glands, saliva is 98% water, but it contains many important substances, including electrolytes, mucus, antibacterial compounds and various enzymes. The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food and helping to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that breaks some starches down into maltose and dextrin. Thus, digestion of food occurs within the mouth, even before food reaches the stomach. Saliva does not digest the proteins. fats and fibres. Thus, option A is correct.
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