Digestion and Absorption Test

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 62

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in

A
Pancreas and secrete pancreatic juice

B
Small intestine and secrete digestive enzymes

C
Stomach and secrete dilute HCI

D
Stomach and secrete trypsin.
Solution
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
- An intestinal gland is additionally a sepulture of Lieberkuhn and therefore the intestinal crypt is a gland found in between villi within the intestinal epithelium lining of the tiny intestine organ and huge intestine.
- Lieberkühn glands, occupying the mucosa membrane, secrete digestive enzymes, give outlet ports for Brunner glands, and manufacture cells that replace surface-membrane cells shed from the guidelines of villi. Hence, Crypts of lieberkuhn are found in the small intestine and secret digestive enzymes.
Question 2
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The lining of intestinal wall from outside to inside is made up of

A
Circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ longitudinal muscles $$\rightarrow$$ mucosa submucosa

B
Longitudinal muscles $$\rightarrow$$ circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ submucosa $$\rightarrow$$ mucosa

C
Mucosa $$\rightarrow$$ submucosa $$\rightarrow$$ circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ longitudinal muscles

D
Submucosa $$\rightarrow$$ longitudinal muscles $$\rightarrow$$ circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ mucosa.
Question 3
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Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food on humans?

A
Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier ions like $${Na}^{+}$$

B
Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein particles that are transported from intestine into blood capillaries

C
About 60% of starch in hydrolysed by salivary amylase in our mouth

D
Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen
Solution
- Digestion is the process where complex material in the food is broken down to simple nutrients and molecules so that they can be absorbed and circulated in the body.
- The digestion of the food starts in the buccal cavity of the organism where the enzyme amylase is secreted. This enzyme is used for the digestion of the starch present in the food. Though much of the starch is digested in the mouth it is divided in disaccharide units of carbohydrates which will be further digested in intestine.
- The food from the buccal cavity is taken to the stomach via oesophagus where the food is stored for about 3 to 4 hours and mixed with the hydrochloric acid which is secreted by the oxyntic cell present in the mucosa wall of the stomach. This will give the food a acidic pH which is necessary for the activation of the pepsin enzyme which are there for digestion of proteins to peptides.
- This acidic chyme of the stomach is to be transported for further digestion in the intestine where it is mixed with the alkaline secretion released from the liver and pancreas.
- In intestine the food components such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids etc are digested to small absorbable molecules.
- The carbohydrates are digested to monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose, proteins are broken down to amino acids and lipids are reduced to small fat globules called microns.
- Some of these components are already present in the cell fo the body surrounding the digestive track. So for the transport of molecules ion transporters are used sach as sodium ion transporter, etc.
- Glucose is easily digested compared to other molecules of monosaccharides as it is easily soluble in water. Monosaccharides such as fructose and amino acid units are transported to the blood stream along with the sodium ions that are transportedby the sodium ion transporter.
- Fat globules are transported by the lacteal cells that are present in the intestine mucosa of the intestine. Chylomicrons are also used to transport fat to liver and adipose tissue where it can be stored.
- Therfore for the following question option A and C are correct.
Question 4
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The given diagram represents the T.S. of gut. Identify A, B, C and D.
A B C D

A
Serosa, Muscularis, Submucosa, Mucosa

B
Muscularis, Serosa, Submucosa, Mucosa

C
Serosa, Muscularis, Mucosa, Submucosa

D
Serosa, Submucosa, muscularis, Mucosa

Solution

A.Serosa, Muscularis, Submucosa, Mucosa
Solution : The lining of gut from outside to inside is made up of outermost serosa, muscularis consisting of outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle fibres, submucosa and innermost mucosa.
So the correct answer is " Serosa, Muscularis, Submucosa, Mucosa".
Question 5
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Which of the following is not the function of large intestine?

A
Absorption of water

B
Nutrient absorption

C
Secretion of mucus to lubricate faeces

D
Temporary storage faeces in rectum
Solution
The 4 major functions of the large intestine are:
Re-absorption of water and mineral ions such as sodium and chloride.
Formation and temporary storage of faeces.
Maintaining a resident population of over 500 species of bacteria.
Bacterial fermentation of indigestible materials.
So, the correct answer is "Nutrient absorption".
Question 6
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Which of the following statements is false?

A
The breakdown of most of biomacromolecules occurs in duodenum.

B
Simple substances (digested foods) are absorbed in the jejunum and ileum.

C
Significant digestive activity occurs in large intestine.

D
Undigested and unabsorbed substances are passed on to the large intestine.
Solution
Correct Answer: (C) Significant digestive activity occurs in the large intestine.
Explanation:
The breakdown of most of the biomacromolecules happens in the duodenum part of the small intestine.
Whereas the simple substances are being absorbed by the jejunum and the ileum region of the small intestine.
The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of the food after its being completely digested in the small intestine.
Whereas the undigested and unabsorbed food materials are passed through the large intestine then to the rectum and finally it is excreted as excreta through the anus.
Hence, option (C) is a false statement out of the above statements.
Question 7
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Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?

A
Starch and fat

B
Fat and cellulose

C
Starch and cellulose

D
Protein and starch
Solution
Correct option: B

Explanation:
30% of Starch gets hydrolyzed in the mouth in the presence of amylase enzyme.
Fats are broken down by lipases with the help of bile into di-and monoglycerides in the intestines.
Cellulose is not digested due to a lack of appropriate enzymes to break the beta acetal linkages.
Proteins, proteoses and peptones (partially hydrolysed in stomach) in the intestine are acted upon by the proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice convert into dipeptides.
Therefore only Fat and cellulose reach stomach totally undigested.
Option B is correct.
Question 8
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In humans one of the constituents of the pancreatic juice which is poured into the duodenum is

A
Trypsinogen

B
Chymotrypsin

C
Trypsin

D
Enterokinase.

Solution

The trypsinogen enters the small intestine through the common bile duct and is converted to active trypsin by the action of enterokinase. Trypsin then converts inactive chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin.
So, option A is the correct option.
Question 9
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Various types of movements are generated by the ________ layer of the small intestine.

A
serosa

B
muscularis

C
mucosa

D
sub-mucosa

Solution

Various types of movements are generated by the 'muscular' layer of the small intestine.
So the correct option is B.
Question 10
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Digestion of food
Which of the following match is correct?

A
Renin Protein.

B
Trypsin - Starch

C
Invertase Sucrose

D
Amylase Lactose

Solution

The correct answer is (c).

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 62

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 62

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Question 1

Pancreas and secrete pancreatic juice

Small intestine and secrete digestive enzymes

Stomach and secrete dilute HCI

Stomach and secrete trypsin.

Solution

Question 2

Circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ longitudinal muscles $$\rightarrow$$ mucosa submucosa

Longitudinal muscles $$\rightarrow$$ circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ submucosa $$\rightarrow$$ mucosa

Mucosa $$\rightarrow$$ submucosa $$\rightarrow$$ circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ longitudinal muscles

Submucosa $$\rightarrow$$ longitudinal muscles $$\rightarrow$$ circular muscles $$\rightarrow$$ mucosa.

Question 3

Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier ions like $${Na}^{+}$$

Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein particles that are transported from intestine into blood capillaries

About 60% of starch in hydrolysed by salivary amylase in our mouth

Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen

Solution

Question 4

Serosa, Muscularis, Submucosa, Mucosa

Muscularis, Serosa, Submucosa, Mucosa

Serosa, Muscularis, Mucosa, Submucosa

Serosa, Submucosa, muscularis, Mucosa

Solution

Question 5

Absorption of water

Nutrient absorption

Secretion of mucus to lubricate faeces

Temporary storage faeces in rectum

Solution

Question 6

The breakdown of most of biomacromolecules occurs in duodenum.

Simple substances (digested foods) are absorbed in the jejunum and ileum.

Significant digestive activity occurs in large intestine.

Undigested and unabsorbed substances are passed on to the large intestine.

Solution

Question 7

Starch and fat

Fat and cellulose

Starch and cellulose

Protein and starch

Solution

Question 8

Trypsinogen

Chymotrypsin

Trypsin

Enterokinase.

Solution

Question 9

serosa

muscularis

mucosa

sub-mucosa

Solution

Question 10

Renin Protein.

Trypsin - Starch

Invertase Sucrose

Amylase Lactose

Solution

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