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Digestion and Absorption Test - 78

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Digestion and Absorption Test - 78
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Pick out the correct and the wrong statement.
    A. The digestion of starch (carbohydrate) beings on the buccal cavity by ptyalin enzyme.
    B. Protein digestion begins in the stomach.
    C. Gastric lipase enzyme completely breaks down the lipids.
    D. Hydrochloric acid, proteins digesting enzymes and mucus are present in the gastric juice.
    Solution
    Gastric lipase can partially compensate for the decrease in production of pancreatic lipase associated with pancreatic dysfunction, giving some means for the body to digest lipids. Limitation of acidic lipases is that they remove only one fatty acid from each triacylglycerol. The free fatty acid can readily cross the epithelial membrane lining the gastrointestinal tract, but the diacylglycerol cannot be transported across. This leaves the acidic lipases less efficient than alkaline lipases.
    The digestion of starch (carbohydrate) beings on the buccal cavity by ptyalin enzyme.
    Protein digestion begins in the stomach.
    Hydrochloric acid, proteins digesting enzymes and mucus are present in the gastric juice.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    About how much saliva does a person produce each day?
    Solution
    Humans produce between one-fifth and one-third of a gallon (0.75 to 1.5 liters) of saliva every day. However, saliva production mostly takes place while a person is awake. During sleep, saliva production drops to almost nothing. Most of the saliva comes from the glands at the bottom of the mouth, and the rest comes primarily from the parotid glands, near the top back of the mouth.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    A lubricant mucin in saliva is made up of
    Solution
    Mucin is the hydrated form of mucinogen, a secretion containing carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins such as those from the goblet cells of the intestine, the submaxillary glands, and other mucous glandular cells; it is also present in the ground substance of connective tissue, especially mucous connective tissue, is soluble in alkaline water, and is precipitated by acetic acid; mucins lubricate and protect body cavity linings.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Germs in the food are mainly killed in the region of alimentary canal where pH is around.
    Solution
    Germs that pass on to the human body through food are killed in the alimentary canal since the pH level is around 2 making this a very acidic. Germs cannot survive through acidic conditions and get killed.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Statements A-D.
    A. Assimilation means the utilization of food for building up of replacement purpose and for deriving energy from it.
    B. Oesophagus wall is muscular and helps in mixing and grinding food particles.
    C. Duodenum receives the secretions of common bile duct from both liver and pancreas.
    D. Hydrochloric acid present in the gastric juice provides an acidic medium for the proper function of protein digesting enzyme pepsin.
    The correct and wrong option is given in
    Solution

    The distribution and use of the digested food products as an energy source or converted into protoplasm required for growth and repair of worn-out parts is assimilation. Hence, the utilization of food for building up of replacement purpose and for deriving energy from it.

    The oesophagus is composed of striated (voluntary) muscle and smooth (involuntary) muscle. It has a role in digestion to transport boluses of food from the pharynx to the stomach. Hence, the stomach is muscular and helps in mixing and grinding food particles.

    Bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. The pancreatic juice secreted by acinar cells forms a two ducts in which larger duct fuses with the common bile duct (carrying bile from the liver and gallbladder) just before entering the duodenum via a common opening (the hepatopancreatic ampulla). Hence, duodenum does not receives the secretions of common bile duct from both liver and pancreas.

    Pepsin is the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins . The chief cells produce pepsinogen (an inactive form of pepsin). This inactive form  is converted to pepsin(active form) when the parietal cells found within the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid. Hence, hydrochloric acid present in the gastric juice provides an acidic medium for the proper function of protein digesting enzyme pepsin.

    So, the correct option is 'A and D are correct, while B and C are wrong'.

     

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Digestive glands seen in human beings are
    Solution
    Several glands are involved in the digestion process. These include the salivary glands, glands in the stomach, and glands in the duodenum or small intestine. The salivary glands located under the tongue, and in the back of the mouth, produce saliva in the mouth. Enzymes in the saliva provide the first stage of chemical digestion, helping break down fats and carbohydrates. Glands in the stomach secrete gastrin that stimulates the stomach to produce gastric juices. These gastric juices help in the digestion of protein. The gastric juices also kill potentially harmful bacteria in the food. Glands in the duodenum or small intestine secrete several hormones including secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
    The liver is the largest gland which involves in digestion by producing bile juice.
    The pancreas is a glandular organ in the upper abdomen, it secretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food. Gall bladder, colon and vermiform appendix are not glands.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Pepsin converts
    Solution
    Pepsin is most active in acidic environments between 37 °C and 42 °C. Accordingly, its primary site of synthesis and activity is in the stomach (pH 1.5 to 2). Pepsin exhibits maximal activity at pH 2.0 and is inactive at pH 6.5 and above, however pepsin is not fully denatured or irreversibly inactivated until pH 8.0. Therefore, pepsin in solution of up to pH 8.0 can be reactivated upon re-acidification. The stability of pepsin at high pH has significant implications on disease attributed to laryngopharyngeal reflux. Pepsin remains in the larynx following a gastric reflux event. At the mean pH of the laryngopharynx (pH = 6.8) pepsin would be inactive but could be reactivated upon subsequent acid reflux events resulting in damage to local tissues. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    In the human digestive system, digestion occurs in
    (a) Buccual cavity
    (b) Stomach
    (c) Small intestine
    (d) Large intestine
    Solution
    • In human beings, the process of digestion starts at the mouth or buccal cavity where the secretion of saliva works on the foods broken down into smaller particles and helps it to pass through the esophagus to the stomach. 
    • The stomach is the major digestive organ where mucus with embedded gastric glands produces gastric juices that continue with the digestion process. 
    • Most of the digestion takes place in the small intestine where the complete breakdown of the food and absorbed into the lymphatic system occurs.

      Hence, the correct option is D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Examination of large intestine for diseases is done by
    Solution
    Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large intestine and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fibre optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It can provide a visual diagnosis and grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected colorectal cancer lesions. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Crypts of Lieberkuhn occur in
    Solution
    Intestinal glands are tubular glands that lie between the finger-like projections of the inner surface of the small intestine- the epithelium of the small intestine. These are also known as Crypts of Lieberkuhn and are so named after the 18th-century German anatomist Johann Nathanael Lieberkuhn. These produce the intestinal mucus that contains the digestive enzymes e.g., peptidase, sucrase, maltase, lactase and intestinal lipase.
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