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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 19

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 19
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Listed below are four respiratory capacities (a -d) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult
    Respiratory capacities              Respiratory volumes
    (a) Residual volume                     2500 mL
    (b) Vital capacity                          3500 mL
    (c) Inspiratory reserve volume     1200 mL
    (d) Inspiratory capacity                4500 mL
    Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?
    Solution
    Respiratory capacities              Respiratory volumes
    (a) Residual volume                     1200 mL
    (b) Vital capacity                          4500 mL
    (c) Inspiratory reserve volume    2500 mL
    (d) Inspiratory capacity                3500 mL

    Hence, the correct option is D.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    CO2CO_2 is transported mainly by
    Solution
    Blood is the medium of transport for oxygen and carbon dioxide. About 97 percent of oxygen is transported by RBCs in the blood. The remaining 3 per cent of oxygen is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma. Nearly 20-25% of carbon dioxide is transported by RBCs whereas 70% of it is carried as bicarbonate. About 7% of carbon dioxide is carried in a dissolved state through plasma.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which one from the following is associated with occupational hazard?
    Solution
    An occupational disease is any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. Pneumoconiosis also known as black lung disease or black lung is an occupational lung disease and a restrictive lung disease caused by the inhalation of dust, characterized by inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis, often in mines. 
    Silicosis is the condition of lung fibrosis caused by the inhalation of dust containing silica. Both the conditions are considered as occupational hazards.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin occurs in tissues due to
    Solution
    In the alveoli, where there is high pO2_2, low pCO2_2, lesser H+ concentration and lower temperature, the factors are all favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin, whereas in the tissues, where low pO2_2, high pCO2_2, high H+ concentration and higher temperature exist, the conditions are favourable for dissociation of oxygen from the oxyhaemoglobin. This clearly indicates that oxygen gets bound to haemoglobin in the lung surface and gets dissociated at the tissues. Every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver around 5 ml of O2_2 to the tissues under normal physiological conditions.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Lungs have large number of narrow tubes called as
    Solution
    Trachea is a straight tube extending up to the mid-thoracic cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into a right and left primary bronchi. Each bronchi undergoes repeated divisions to form the secondary and tertiary bronchi and bronchioles ending up in very thin terminal bronchioles. The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi, and initial bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings. Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number of very thin, irregular walled and vascularised bag-like structures called alveoli. The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli comprise the lungs. Thus trachea and bronchi are present outside the lungs and alveoli are tiny bags of lungs.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The prime cause of altitude sickness in men due to ascent on high mountains is
    Solution
    The barometric pressure decreases at progressively higher altitudes. Because the concentration of oxygen in the air remains at 21%, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases along with the barometric pressure. When a person moves to a high altitude, his or her body adjusts over time by producing a greater number of RBCs. Getting sufficient oxygen from the air becomes an ever increasing problem at higher altitudes. In addition to the problems of hypoxia, a rapid decrease in barometric pressure causes decompression sickness (commonly known as the bends because those suffering from it bend over in pain). When the barometric pressure drops below the total pressure of all gases dissolved in the blood and other body fluids, the dissolved gases tend to come out of solution and form gas bubbles. In the body, nitrogen has a low solubility in blood and tissues. When it comes out of solution, the bubbles formed may damage tissues and block capillaries, interfering with blood flow. The clinical effects of decompression sickness are pain, dizziness, paralysis, unconsciousness, and even death.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    During hibernation period, frog's respiration is
    Solution
    Cutaneous respiration ( respiration through skin) is the only form of respiration when the frog is under water or in hibernation. There is a rich supply of blood capillaries to the skin, which are permeable to gases. Before diffusing into blood, oxygen is first dissolved in a moist surface. The skin is kept moist either by water or by the secretion of mucous glands. As skin remains exposed to air or water, no movement of any body part is required.
    Hence the correct option is A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following factors raise the P50P_{50} and shifts the HbO2HbO_2 dissociation curve to right and vice versa?
    a.  Rise in Pco2Pco_2
    b.  Fall in temperature
    c.   Rise in H+H^+ (=fall in pH)
    d.  Fall in diphosphoglyceric acid
    Solution

    The important conditions affecting the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve are the pH, the temperature and the concentration of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate.
    i. A rise in temperature or fall in pH shifts the curve to the right. When the curve is shifted in this direction, a higher PO2{PO_{2}} is required for haemoglobin to bind a given amount of oxygen.
    ii. A fall in temperature or rise in pH shifts the curve to the left and a lowerPO2{PO_{2}} is required for haemoglobin to bind a given amount of oxygen.
    iii. An increase in the concentration of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate shifts the curve to the right, causing more oxygen to be liberated and vice-versa.
    The pH of blood falls as its carbon dioxide content increases so that, when the PCO2{PCO_{2}} rises, the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right side and the P50{P_{50}} rises.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Tracheal rings in rabbit are
    Solution
    The Trachea (Windpipe) in mammals like humans and rabbits is a tube that extends from the lower edge of the larynx to the upper part of the chest above the heart. It has a framework of cartilages to keep it open. These cartilages, shaped somewhat like a tiny horseshoe or the letter C, are found along the entire length of the trachea. All the open sections of these cartilages are at the back (dorsally incomplete) so that the esophagus can bulge into this section during swallowing. The purpose of the trachea is to conduct air between the larynx and the lungs.
    Hence the correct option is C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Name one chronic disease associated with respiratory system.
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