Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 21

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 21

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The movement of air in and out of the lungs is called

A
Respiration

B
Excretion

C
Digestion

D
Metabolism
Question 2
1 / -0

Silicosis occurs due to

A
Acid rain

B
Ozone depletion

C
Inhalation of aerosols

D
Inhalation of silica dust

Solution

Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease, caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis.
Silica is a common, naturally-occurring crystal. It is found in most rock beds. Silica dust forms during mining, quarrying, tunneling, and working with certain metal ores. Silica is a main part of sand, so glass workers and sand-blasters are also exposed to silica.
Question 3
1 / -0

After complete exhalation the lungs of a healthy man contains a litre of gas; this quantity is known as:

A
Residual volume

B
Functional residual capacity

C
Total lung capacity

D
Dead space

Solution

The lungs are never completely empty. There is always some air left in the lungs even after a maximal exhalation. The expiratory reserve volume (ERV), about 1,200 mL, is the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume. Residual volume (RV), about 1,200 mL, is the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume is exhaled.
Question 4
1 / -0

Rate of respiration is directly affected by which of the following?

A
Concentration of $CO_2$

B
Oxygen in trachea

C
Concentration of $O_2$

D
Diaphragm expansion
Solution
Solution:

Correct answer is option A.

Explanation for correct option:
- The respiratory rhythm centre is a specialised centre present in the medulla of the brain which is primarily responsible for the regulation of respiration.
- A chemosensitive area situated adjacent to the rhythm center is highly sensitive to changes in CO2 and hydrogen ion concentrations in blood.
- An increase in CO2 and H+ ions stimulate this centre, which in turn stimulate the rhythm centre to increase the respiratory process by which these substances can be eliminated.
Question 5
1 / -0

Volume of air inspired and expired with each normal breath is called as

A
Tidal volume

B
Inspiratory capacity

C
Total lung capacity

D
Residual volume

Solution

Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied. In a healthy, young human adult, tidal volume is approximately 500 mL per inspiration or 7 mL/kg of body mass. Inspiratory capacity is the volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration or it is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume. Total lung capacity (TLC) is the inspiratory capacity plus the functional residual capacity or the volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration or also equals vital capacity plus residual volume. Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling. Doctors use tests to measure a person's residual air volume to help check how well the lungs are functioning. Thus, option A is correct.
Question 6
1 / -0

............. is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

A
Tidal air volume

B
Vital capacity

C
Complemental air volume

D
Total lung capacity

Solution

Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.
So, the correct answer is 'Vital capacity'
Question 7
1 / -0

During inspiration, as a result of contraction of muscles attached to it, the diaphragm

A
Becomes dome-shaped

B
Flattens

C
Rotates

D
Flattens and rotates

Solution

The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continuously, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome like shape, and air is forced out of the lungs. Thus, option B is correct.
Question 8
1 / -0

A child breathes nearly

A
13 times a minute

B
26 times a minute

C
52 times a minute

D
72 times a minute

Solution

Respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest. It simply involves counting the number of breaths for a minute, this is done by counting how many times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and with other medical conditions. When respiration rate is checked, it is important to also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing. Normal respiratory rates, by age:
Newborns: Average 44 breaths/min.
Children: 20-30 breaths/min.
Older children: 16-25 breaths/min.
Adults: 14 to 20 breaths/min.
Thus, option B is correct.
Question 9
1 / -0

The disease caused by inhalation of asbestos dust is:

A
Emphysema

B
Paralysis

C
Diarrhoea

D
Dysentery

Solution

Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease characterized by a scarring of lung tissues, which leads to long-term breathing complications. Interstitial lung disease from asbestos exposure can take 10 to 30 years to appear from the time of the initial exposure. The inflammation causes thickening and scarring of the interstitium, the air sacs (alveoli) also become thicker and they begin to lose their elasticity as in emphysema. Gradually, the air sacs lose more and more of their capability to put oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Tidal volume of air in a normal healthy man during inspiration is about

A
300-400ml

B
500-700ml

C
900-1000 ml

D
100-250ml

Solution

Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied. In a healthy, young human adult, tidal volume is approximately 500-700 mL per inspiration or 7 mL/kg of body mass. Thus, option B is correct.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 21

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 21

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Respiration

Excretion

Digestion

Metabolism

Question 2

Acid rain

Ozone depletion

Inhalation of aerosols

Inhalation of silica dust

Solution

Question 3

Residual volume

Functional residual capacity

Total lung capacity

Dead space

Solution

Question 4

Concentration of CO2CO_2CO2​

Oxygen in trachea

Concentration of O2O_2O2​

Diaphragm expansion

Solution

Question 5

Tidal volume

Inspiratory capacity

Total lung capacity

Residual volume

Solution

Question 6

Tidal air volume

Vital capacity

Complemental air volume

Total lung capacity

Solution

Question 7

Becomes dome-shaped

Flattens

Rotates

Flattens and rotates

Solution

Question 8

13 times a minute

26 times a minute

52 times a minute

72 times a minute

Solution

Question 9

Emphysema

Paralysis

Diarrhoea

Dysentery

Solution

Question 10

300-400ml

500-700ml

900-1000 ml

100-250ml

Solution

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Concentration of $CO_2$

Concentration of $O_2$