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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 15

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 15
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which is absent in glomerular filtrate?
    Solution
    The basement membrane and podocytes are the major filtration barrier, passing particles depending on size and charge. All small particles (inorganic ions, glucose, amino acids, etc.) enter Bowman's space at exactly the same concentration as in blood plasma. Filtration barriers are non selectively permeable to small particles but not very permeable to larger particles, such as blood cells and plasma proteins.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following does not filter out from blood to Bowman's capsule in glomerular ultrafiltration?
    Solution
    The process of filtration of the blood in the Bowman's capsule is ultrafiltration or glomerular filtration. Any proteins that are roughly 30 kilodaltons or under can pass freely through the membrane. Any small molecules such as water, glucose, salt (NaCl), amino acids, and urea pass freely into Bowman's space, but cells, platelets and large proteins do not. As a result, the filtrate leaving the Bowman's capsule is very similar to blood plasma in composition as it passes into the proximal convoluted tubule. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Excretory material are formed in
    Solution
    Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water and ions like $$Na^+$$, $$K^+$$, Cl, phosphate, sulphate, etc., either by metabolic activities or by other means like excess ingestion. As metabolism is a characteristic feature of living cells. All the cells produce metabolic wastes. These substances have to be removed totally or partially. This process of removal of wastes from body is called excretion.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Loop of Henle occurs in
    Solution
    In the kidney, the loop of Henle forms a hairpin structure that dips down into the medulla. It is a part of renal tubule, comes after proximal convoluted tubule. It contains four segments: the pars recta (the straight descending limb of proximal tubule), the thin descending limb, the thin ascending limb, and the thick ascending limb. The turn of the loop of Henle usually occurs in the thin segment within the medulla, and the tubule then ascends toward the cortex parallel to the descending limb. The end of the loop of Henle becomes the distal convoluted tubule. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The cavity of Bowman's capsule contain
    Solution
    The blood is filtered in the kidney in specialized structures known as Bowman's capsule. The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through 3 layers, i.e., the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, the epithelium of Bowman's capsule and a basement membrane between these two layers. The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule called podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores. Thus the main function of glomerulus is filtration. Blood is filtered so finely through these membranes, that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman's capsule. Therefore, it is considered as a process of ultra filtration.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Aquatic reptiles are
    Solution

    Solution:

    • Correct answer is option B.

    • Explanation for the correct option
    • The ureotelic animals are those animals that excrete urea. Aquatic reptiles are ureotelic.
    • Example of Ureotelic animals:  Frogs, toads, turtles, alligators, Ascaris, Earthworm, cartilaginous fishes (Rays and Sharks), mammals.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Glomerular filtrate is
    Solution
    Solution :
    The correct answer is option A.
    The solution for the correct option is,
    • During the filtration process, blood enters the afferent arteriole and flows into the glomerulus where flitrate blood components, such as waste and water, will flow into the glomerulus, and impurities, such as serum albumins and cells, will be released through arteriole. 
    • These filterable componentes accumulate in glomerulus and form glomerular filtrate.
    • Glomerular ultrafiltrate has a similar structure to blood plasma i.e., blood minus blood corpuscles. It is usually free of protein
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Urea synthesis takes place in
    Solution
    Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes mainly excrete urea and are called as ureotelic animals. 
    Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of these animals and released into the blood, which is filtered and excreted out by the kidneys. 
    Urea is produced from ammonia in five enzymatic steps. The urea cycle begins inside liver mitochondria but three of the subsequent steps takes place in the cytosol; the cycle thus spans two cellular compartments.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Blood leaving liver and moving to heart will have more concentration of
    Solution
    In the liver of the animals, ammonia (which is constantly being liberated as the end product of protein metabolism) is detoxified to form urea by the orrithine cycle. So the deoxygenated blood leaving the liver and moving to heart will have more concentration of urea.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?
    Solution
    Solution :
    The correct answer is option A
    The solution for the correct answer is
    1. Podocytes: these are located in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule, with spaces between them. Glomerular filtrate is now transmitted by these podocytes in which the podocytes are work as filters which filter the blood from the glomerular filtrate
    2. Henley's Loop: it is a long U-shaped structure of the tube. When urine is passed into Henley's loop, the loop absorbs water and sodium from the urine.
    3. distal convoluted tubules: It (DCT) is part of the nephron link between Henley's loop and the collecting tubule.it plays an important role in the Na, K and divalent cation homeostasis.
    4. afferent arterioles: Nephrons have two arteries. The afferent arterioles brings blood to the glomerulus and the efferent arterioles draws blood away from the glomerulus.
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