Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 18

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 18

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Question 1
1 / -0

Malpighian body is found

A
In kidney of vertebrates and is involved in the formation of urine

B
In vertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

C
In insects and involved in excretion

D
In invertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

Solution

Malpighian body is also called kidney corpuscle. Malpighian body is the structure at the beginning of a vertebrate nephron, consisting of a glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule. It mainly involved in filteration of blood. Thus, option B is correct.
Question 2
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Function of glomerulus in mammalian kidney is

A
Reabsorption of salts from the blood

B
Urine formation through blood filtration

C
Urine collection

D
All of the above

Solution

Bowman's capsule (or the Bowman capsule, capsula glomeruli, or glomerular capsule) is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule (i.e., glomerular filtrate) and further processed along the nephron to form urine. Thus, option B is correct.
Question 3
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Excretion is a process of

A
Removal of waste substances from the body

B
Removal of faeces from the body

C
Removal of reproductive products from the body

D
Removal of urine from the body
Solution
- Excretion is the removal of waste products of metabolism (means that the waste product has been made by the body itself) from the body. If allowed to accumulate, these would prevent the maintenance of a steady state.
- In vertebrates this is primarily carried out by the lungs (CO$$_2$$), kidneys (urine), and skin (sweat).
- Egestion or defecation is the removal of undigested food from the gut and is not regarded as excretion because the material taken into the gut through the mouth is not made by the body itself.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
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Which of the following is completely reabsorbed from the filtrate in the renal tubule under normal condition?

A
Urea

B
Uric acid

C
Salts and water

D
Glucose

Solution

Glucose is completely reabsorbed from the filtrate in the renal tubule under normal condition. Renal glucose reabsorption is the part of renal physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered glucose, preventing it from disappearing from the body through the urine. If glucose is not reabsorbed by the kidney, it appears in the urine, in a condition known as glycosuria. This is associated with diabetes mellitus.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

The two kidneys lie

A
At the level of ovaries

B
At the same level

C
Left kidney at a higher level than the right one

D
Right kidney at a higher level than the left one

Solution

The kidney is retroperitoneal, located in the abdominal cavity. The left kidney is slightly elevated than right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body. The ribs and muscles of the back protect the kidneys from external damage. Adipose tissue known as perirenal fat surrounds the kidneys and acts as protective padding
So, the correct answer is 'Left kidney at a higher level than the right one'
Question 6
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The reabsorption of water in the tubules of nephrons takes place by

A
Osmosis

B
Simple diffusion

C
Active transport

D
Filtration

Solution

Within the loop of henle, the descending limb allows for the reabsorption of water through osmosis whereas the ascending limb allows for the passive and active transport of salts such as sodium to move out of the tubules and be reabsorbed.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
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Glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule together form the specialised structure called as

A
Malpighian tubule

B
Rete Mirabilia

C
Malpighian corpuscle

D
Green gland

Solution

Malpighian corpuscle, the funnel-like structure constituting the beginning of the structural unit of the kidney (nephron) and comprising the Malpighian capsule and its partially enclosed glomerulus.
Malpighian corpuscles average about 0.2 mm in diameter, with each capsule composed of two parts: a central glomerulus and a glomerular capsule. The corpuscles are part of a filtering system through which nonprotein components of blood plasma enter the tubules for urinary excretion.
Question 8
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Human kidney produces a proteolytic enzyme called as

A
Erepsin

B
Steapsin

C
Renin

D
Trypsin

Solution

Renin is an enzyme made by special cells in the kidneys. Renin works with aldosterone (a hormone made by the adrenal glands) and several other substances to help balance sodium and potassium levels in the blood and fluid levels in the body, which affects your blood pressure. Renin is an enzyme that has the function of digesting only milk proteins to peptides.

Milk Proteins + Renin $$ \rightarrow$$ Peptides
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

The basic unit of a vertebrate kidney is the

A
Ureter

B
Nephron

C
Malpighian tubule

D
Islets of langerhans

Solution

The functional unit of the kidney that serves to remove waste from the body is the nephron. Each kidney is composed of over one million nephrons that dot the renal cortex, giving it a granular appearance when sectioned sagittally (from front to rear). There are two types of nephrons: cortical nephrons (85 percent), which are deep in the renal cortex; and juxtamedullary nephrons (15 percent), which lie in the renal cortex close to the renal medulla.
Question 10
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Kidney produces a hormone called as

A
ADH

B
Erythropoietin

C
Aldosterone

D
Rehnin

Solution

The kidneys ensure that the make-up and volume of the fluids in the body is correct. They help control the chemical balance of the blood and regulate the body’s level of sodium, potassium, and calcium. The kidneys remove waste products and excess water from the body and so help to regulate blood pressure. They activate vitamin D, which helps to maintain strong bones and produce erythropoietin, a hormone that is vital for the production of red blood cells.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 18

Result

Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 18

Score

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

In kidney of vertebrates and is involved in the formation of urine

In vertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

In insects and involved in excretion

In invertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

Solution

Question 2

Reabsorption of salts from the blood

Urine formation through blood filtration

Urine collection

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

Removal of waste substances from the body

Removal of faeces from the body

Removal of reproductive products from the body

Removal of urine from the body

Solution

Question 4

Urea

Uric acid

Salts and water

Glucose

Solution

Question 5

At the level of ovaries

At the same level

Left kidney at a higher level than the right one

Right kidney at a higher level than the left one

Solution

Question 6

Osmosis

Simple diffusion

Active transport

Filtration

Solution

Question 7

Malpighian tubule

Rete Mirabilia

Malpighian corpuscle

Green gland

Solution

Question 8

Erepsin

Steapsin

Renin

Trypsin

Solution

Question 9

Ureter

Nephron

Malpighian tubule

Islets of langerhans

Solution

Question 10

ADH

Erythropoietin

Aldosterone

Rehnin

Solution

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