Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 19

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 19

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Question 1
1 / -0

Renal physiology was described by

A
Ludwig

B
Krebs

C
Walter

D
Claude

Solution

Renal physiology was described by Ludwig. Renal physiology is the study of the physiology of the kidney.
This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure; maintenance of acid-base balance; the production of various hormones including erythropoietin, and the activation of vitamin D.
Question 2
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Malpighian body is found

A
In kidney of vertebrates and is involved in the formation of urine

B
In vertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

C
In insects and involved in excretion

D
In vertebrates and involved with filtration of lymph

Solution

Malpighian body is found in the kidneys of the vertebrates. It is also called kidney corpuscle and is composed of a glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. It is concerned with the filtration of the blood and forms the glomerular filtrate. In insects, the malpighian tubules are present for the excretion.
Hence, the correct answer is 'In vertebrates and involved with filtration of blood'.
Question 3
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A malpighian tubule empties its content into the

A
Gut

B
Coelom

C
Lymph

D
Ureters

Solution

A malpighian tubule empties its content into the gut. Malpighian tubule, in insects, any of the excretory organs that lie in the abdominal body cavity and empty into the junction between midgut and hindgut. In species having few malpighian tubules, they are long and coiled; in species with numerous (up to 150) tubules, they are short. The tubule cells actively transport initial urine constituents (potassium ions, water, urate ions, sugar, amino acids) into the tubule. In some species urine is acidified in the distal end of the tubule and an aqueous suspension of uric acid crystals is conducted into the rectum, where water and nutrients are reabsorbed. In other species the urine is acidified in the rectum. Certain tubule cells may have special functions, as in the secretion of the sticky substance that surrounds eggs of certain leaf beetles or in the secretion of silk by certain immature beetles.
Question 4
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Which of the following is a part of kidney?

A
Pelvis

B
Ileum

C
Seminiferous tubules

D
Cystic duct

Solution

Pelvis is the broadened top part of the ureter into which the kidney tubules drain.
The ileum is the third portion of the small intestine, between jejunum and the caecum.
Seminiferous tubules are located within the testes.
Cystic duct is a short duct that joins the gallbladder to the common bile duct.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
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Which of the following characteristics is correct for glomerular filtrate, the fluid that passes from the blood in the glomerulus and into the tubule of the nephron?

A
It is clear in appearance and contains no glucose.

B
It is concentrated solution of waste products.

C
It is identical to blood plasma.

D
It is blood plasma that lacks most proteins.

Solution

Blood plasma contains large molecules and proteins that are not present in glomerular filtrate. Blood plasma is filtered through the glomerulus. The glomerulus is a structure in the kidney that filters blood plasma to make urine. Slit pores and small holes present in the glomerular membrane allows smaller sized molecules to pass through, but larger molecules are unable to pass through. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate as well as magnesium are present in the glomerular filtrate. Nutrients and nitrogenous wastes also can pass through the glomerular filtrate. Small hormones and water can also pass through the membrane. Blood cells and plasma proteins are unable to pass through the glomerular membrane and are not found in glomerular filtrate.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
1 / -0

Apart from kidneys, excretion is also carried by

A
Liver

B
Skin

C
Large intestine

D
Both A and B

Solution

The main organs involved in waste management are the skin, lungs, liver, and kidneys. The liver is a vital organ with a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. The skin has sweat glands which secrete a fluid waste called as perspiration, or sweat. The lungs diffuse gaseous wastes, such as carbon dioxide, from the bloodstream as a normal part of respiration. Large intestine does not involve in excretion.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

The opening of the urinary bladder is

A
Nephron

B
Ureter

C
Urethra

D
Nephridia

Solution

Urine is formed in the kidney. The tubes which connect the kidney and urinary bladder are known as the ureter. From the kidney, urine is propelled into the urinary bladder through ureters which are made of smooth muscle fibres. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and can be controlled. The urethra is a long tube which connects urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for removal of urine from the body. In males, urethra travels through the penis and meet the urethral meatus located at the tip of the penis. In females, urethra connects to the urethral meatus above the vagina. The urethra is also known as the urinary opening. Hence the opening of urinary bladder is urethra.
So,the correct answer is 'Urethra'.
Question 8
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The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for

A
Nutrition

B
Respiration

C
Excretion

D
Transportation

Solution

Kidneys are the bean shaped reddish brown paired organs that serve in maintaining the fluid electrolyte balance and acid base balance of body through the process of urine formation. Excretion refers to removal of metabolic waste from body. This makes kidneys part of excretory system. Nutrition refers to obtaining the food to meet the energy requirement for growth and development. Respiration refers to the process that allows entry of oxygen from air to blood and exit of carbon dioxide from blood to air. Transportation refers to movement of materials, mainly nutrients and gases, from one organ to other.
Question 9
1 / -0

In $$24$$ hours, total glomerular filtrate formed in human kidney is

A
$$1.7$$ litres

B
$$7$$ litres

C
$$17$$ litres

D
$$170$$ litres

Solution

The water and salts that are forced out of the glomerular capillaries, pass into the Bowman's capsule and is called the glomerular filtrate. The total filtrate passed out of the glomerulus in a normal kidney is about 170-180 litres per day.

Question 10

1 / -0

The correct match is

I.	DCT	Secretion of $$H^+$$ and $$K^+$$ ions
II.	Henle's loop	Reabsorption of glucoes, water and $$Na^+$$ ions
III.	Podocytes	Attached to parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
IV.	JGA	Rise in glomerular blood pressure activates it to release rennin

III

II

I

IV

Solution

A loop of Henle in the kidney is of U-shaped, formed through DCT & PCT, its function is the recovery of water & sodium chloride from urine. Podocytes are the cell in the Bowman's capsule which helps infiltration of large molecules. JGA structure formed by DCT & glomerular afferent arteriole and its function is to regulate blood pressure & filtration rate of the glomerulus. DCT basically regulate the ph of urine by secreting protons & $${K}^{+}$$ ion and absorbing bicarbonate and a sodium ion.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 19

Result

Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 19

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Ludwig

Krebs

Walter

Claude

Solution

Question 2

In kidney of vertebrates and is involved in the formation of urine

In vertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

In insects and involved in excretion

In vertebrates and involved with filtration of lymph

Solution

Question 3

Gut

Coelom

Lymph

Ureters

Solution

Question 4

Pelvis

Ileum

Seminiferous tubules

Cystic duct

Solution

Question 5

It is clear in appearance and contains no glucose.

It is concentrated solution of waste products.

It is identical to blood plasma.

It is blood plasma that lacks most proteins.

Solution

Question 6

Liver

Skin

Large intestine

Both A and B

Solution

Question 7

Nephron

Ureter

Urethra

Nephridia

Solution

Question 8

Nutrition

Respiration

Excretion

Transportation

Solution

Question 9

$$1.7$$ litres

$$7$$ litres

$$17$$ litres

$$170$$ litres

Solution

Question 10

III

II

I

IV

Solution

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