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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 21

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 21
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    An adaptation in the structure and function of loop of Henle to xerophytic environment is
    Solution
    An adaptation in the structure and function of loop of Henle to xerophytic environment is that they have a very long loop of Henle, which allows more water to be removed from the filtrate. The climate in these regions are dry and hot. The principal function of the loop of Henle appears to be the recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine. The liquid entering the loop is the solution of salt, urea, and other substances passed along by the proximal convoluted tubule, from which most of the dissolved components needed by the body. Particularly glucose, amino acids, and sodium bicarbonate have been reabsorbed into the blood. Many species that live in arid environments such as deserts have highly efficient loops of Henle.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    This structure is present in the

    Solution
    It is the structure of Nephron. It is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys. There are normally approximately one million nephrons in each of the two kidneys in the body. Each nephron is made up of an initial filtering component (the renal corpuscle) and a tubule specialized for reabsorption and secretion (the renal tubule). Hence, option D is correct.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    There is increase in blood urea when there is insufficient filtration in
    Solution
    • The process of ultrafiltration occurs in the glomerular capsule also known as Bowman's capsule. 
    • The Bowman's capsule contains a dense capillary network called the glomerulus. Blood flows into these capillaries through the afferent arterioles and leaves through the efferent arterioles.
    • The blood that enters into the glomerulus is under very high pressure from the afferent renal arteriole and contains urea, glucose, various salts and proteins of plasma and large quantities of water. 
    • The filtration occurs across the membrane made up of the glomerular capillary wall and the inner membrane of the Bowman's capsule. The pores of this filtering membrane are impermeable to large molecules like blood cells and proteins.
    • But smaller molecules like glucose, urea, creatinine, amino acids, and mineral salts are filtered into the Bowman's capsule. The insufficient filtration in Bowman's capsule results in an increased concentration of urea in the blood. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Sequence of urine formation in nephron is.
    Solution
    The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body.
    • The Glomerulus Filters Water and Other Substances from the Bloodstream. Each kidney contains over 1 million tiny structures called nephrons. Each nephron has a glomerulus, the site of blood filtration. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries surrounded by a cuplike structure, the glomerular capsule (or Bowman’s capsule). As blood flows through the glomerulus, blood pressure pushes water and solutes from the capillaries into the capsule through a filtration membrane. This glomerular filtration begins the urine formation process.
    • Reabsorption Moves Nutrients and Water Back into the Bloodstream. The glomerulus filters water and small solutes out of the bloodstream. The resulting filtrate contains waste, but also other substances the body needs: essential ions, glucose, amino acids, and smaller proteins. When the filtrate exits the glomerulus, it flows into a duct in the nephron called the renal tubule. As it moves, the needed substances and some water are reabsorbed through the tube wall into adjacent capillaries. This reabsorption of vital nutrients from the filtrate is the second step in urine creation.
    • Waste Ions and Hydrogen Ions Secreted from the Blood Complete the Formation of Urine. The filtrate absorbed in the glomerulus flows through the renal tubule, where nutrients and water are reabsorbed into capillaries. At the same time, waste ions and hydrogen ions pass from the capillaries into the renal tubule. This process is called secretion. The secreted ions combine with the remaining filtrate and become urine. The urine flows out of the nephron tubule into a collecting duct. It passes out of the kidney through the renal pelvis, into the ureter, and down to the bladder.

    So, the correct answer is 'Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, Tubular secretion'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    A person's limbs are swollen and he is suffering from weakness and fatigue. This organ may be damaged in him.
    Solution
    The kidney is the organ which is responsible for the filtration of the wastes from the blood. The wastes are excreted through the urine. If the kidneys are damaged due to infection, injury of any other disorder, then the wastes in the blood are not get filtered. The wastes start accumulating in the parts of the body and cause swelling of the legs and the lower parts of the body. Due to the swelling and the improper filtration of the blood, the person suffers from fatigue and weakness. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    When we say a nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidneys, we mean that 
    (P) The kidney is made up of many nephrons.
    (Q) The filtration of blood that occurs in the kidneys is because of what the nephrons do.
    (R) Urea formation occurs in the nephrons.
    Solution
    The kidney is composed of many units of nephrons which are known as the functional unit of kidneys. The nephrons are responsible for the filtration of blood and formation of urine in order to remove the wastes from the blood. The urea formation takes place in the liver. The proteins are digested and converted to ammonia and then urea is formed in the liver. 
    The statements P and Q are correct and S is incorrect.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    During which process blood is filtered out in Bowman's capsule?
    Solution
    The waste material along with the blood is brought to the kidneys by the renal arteries. As the blood is under pressure in the arteries, it is filtered out from the blood capillaries into the Bowman's capsule. This process is known as ultrafiltration. The ultrafiltrate contains the water, salts, and the wastes
    So, the correct answer is 'Ultrafiltration'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    During which process is blood filtered in Bowman's capsule?
    Solution
    • During ultrafiltration, the blood flows under high pressure through the glomerulus in the Bowmans capsule. 
    • Due to the narrow lumen of the capillaries and high pressure, the blood is filtered out in Bowman's capsule. 
    • During ultra-filtration, the blood flows under high pressure through the glomerulus in Bowman's capsule. Due to the narrow lumen of the capillaries and high pressure, the blood is filtered out in Bowman's capsule.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Select the group of animals adapted for ammonotelism, guanotelism and ureotelism respectively from the following.
    Solution
    • Ammonotelism is a phenomenon in which the excretion is in the form of ammonia. 
    • Animals that show ammonotelism are called as ammonotelics. Examples of ammonotelics include protozoans, earthworm, tapeworm, labeo catla fish, amphibian tadpoles, etc. 
    • Guanotelism is a phenomenon in which the excretion is in the form of uric acid. Animals that show guanotelism are called as guanotelic animals or uricotelic animals. 
    • Examples of guanotelic animals include spiders, cockroach, scorpions, snakes, pigeon, lizards, reptiles, penguin, etc. 
    • Ureotelism is a phenomenon in which the excretion is in the form of urea. Animals that show ureotelism are called as ureotelic animals. Ureotelic animals include shark, turtle, alligators, cats, etc.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The Bowman's capsule, a part of the kidney is the site of
    Solution
    The Bowman' capsule is the part of the nephron in the human kidney. Bowman's capsule carries out the function of ultra-filtration by allowing the water molecules and small molecules of other substances to pass through its selectively permeable wall and forms the glomerular filtrate.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
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