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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 24

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 24
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Man is
    Solution
    Man is ureotelic because it excretes urea as a waste product. Urea is less toxic than ammonia so it can be stored in the body for longer duration. The extra proteins in the body are degraded by the process of deamination where the NH$$_2$$ group is removed and it is converted into ammonium ions in the liver. The ammonium ions enter urea cycle and get converted into urea. The urea formed in liver is transported to kidney through circulation and finally gets excreted. It also excretes the uric acid but in minimal quantity. So, the correct answer is 'ureotelic'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Physiologically urea is produced by the action of an enzyme
    Solution

    Urea is produced by the liver through urea cycle. It starts with the condensation of ammonium ion with bicarbonate ion which results the formation of carbamoyl phosphate in the presence of enzyme carbamoyl phos­phate synthase. Carbamoyl phosphate combines with ornithine to form citrulline in presence of enzyme citrulline synthase or ornithine transcarbamoylase. Citrulline diffuses into the cytosol. Citrulline combines with the amino acid aspartate and argininosuccinate catalyzed by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase.  The enzyme argininosuccinase acts reversibly to cleave arginino­succinate into arginine and fumarate. Arginine is lysed into ornithine and urea under the influence of the enzyme arginase. So the correct answer is “arginase”.

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The narrow apex of pyramid is called
    Solution
    Papillary (collecting) ducts are anatomical structures of the kidneys, previously known as the ducts of Bellini. Papillary ducts represent the most distal portion of the collecting duct. They receive renal filtrate (precursor to urine) from several medullary collecting ducts and empty into a minor calyx. Papillary ducts continue the work of water reabsorption and electrolyte balance initiated in the collecting tubules. Medullary collecting ducts converge to form a central (papillary) duct near the apex of each renal pyramid.
    So, the correct answer is 'Papillary duct of Bellini'.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate is due to
    Solution
    PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium which increases the surface area for reabsorption. Nearly all of the essential nutrients and 70-80% of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by this segment. From the glomerular filtrate, almost all the glucose is actively transported across the walls of the proximal convoluted tubule.
    So, the correct answer is 'Active transport across the walls of proximal convoluted part'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Malpighian body is constituted by
    Solution
    Nephrons are the cells of kidney which are composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.  The renal corpuscle is also known Malpighian body. It consists of cup like double walled structure known as Bowman’s capsule and the bunch of capillaries present in the Bowman’s capsule is known as glomerulus. So, the correct answer is 'Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule'.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Bowmans capsule is lined by
    Solution
    Nephrons are composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle is also known Malpighian body. It consists of cup like double walled structure known as Bowman’s capsule and the bunch of capillaries present in the Bowman’s capsule is known as glomerulus.
    Bowman's capsule is underlined by squamous epithelium. The inner layer is known as visceral layer and the outer layer is known as parietal layer. The cells of the parietal layer is known as squamous epithelium cells because it is a single layer of flat epithelial cells. The cells of visceral layer is known as podocyte cells which are specialized epithelial cells that reside in the visceral layer of the capsule.
    So, the correct answer is 'Squamous epithelium'.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The collecting ducts in the kidney converge to form
    Solution
    The distal convoluted tubule of nephron drain urine into the collecting ducts. The collecting ducts converge to form medullary rays that open into the medulla i.e The medulla is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids projecting into the calyces. Hence the collecting ducts in the kidney converge to form medullary pyramid In the renal medulla and these pyramids project into the renal calyces.
    So, the correct answer is 'Pyramid'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Rate of glomerular filtration per minute in an adult human being is
    Solution
    The amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is called glomerular filteration rate (GFR). In a healthy individual it is approximately 125 ml/min that is 180 litres per day.
    So, the correct answer is '125ml'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Liquid which collects in the cavity of Bowman's capsule is
    Solution
    The blood in the glomerulus is filtered through minutes pores called filtration slits present in the wall of Bowman's capsule. This phenomenon is called glomerular filtration and the filtrate is called as glomerular filtrate. The relatively larger molecules like blood proteins cannot pass through the minute pores hence ultrafiltration. The filtrate is collected by the cavity of Bowman's capsule and passed to the tubule. Hence liquid which collects in the cavity of Bowman's capsule is plasma minus blood proteins.
    So, the correct answer is 'Plasma minus blood proteins'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    In kidneys, urine is produced by three processes
    Solution
    In kidneys, urine is produced by three processes major process known as Ultrafiltration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. 
    a) Ultrafilteration is the process by which water, glucose, amino acids, sodium chloride and urea gets filter, from the blood in the glomerular capsule by the basement membrane.
    b) Tubular reabsorption is the process by which the useful substance like water, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood again into the nephric filtrate. 
    c) Tubular secretion is the secretion where harmful substances like urea, drugs etc are secreted back into the nephric filtrate from the blood. 
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