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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 29

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 29
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Malphigian tubules remove excretory products from
    Solution
    Malpighian tubules are excretory organs present in the cockroach. They lie freely in haemolymph. They remove excretory products from the haemolymph and open in the alimentary canal at the junction of the midgut and hindgut. In each cockroach, they are about 150 in number.
    So, the correct answer is 'Haemolymph'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In nephron, water absorption is maximum in
    Solution
    The human excretory system is composed of 1 pair of kidneys. The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. The body of the nephron is divided into renal corpuscle, PCT, Henle's loop and DCT. The PCT is lined by cuboidal epithelium with brush border. The brush border increases the surface area for absorption of water and other substances. Hence in the nephron, water absorption is maximum(90%) in the Proximal convoluted tubule.
    So, the correct answer is 'Proximal convoluted tubule'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    For the formation of urea, which one of the following is required along with ammonia?
    Solution
    Urea cycle in liver helps in conversion of excess of amino acids into urea. It takes place in five major steps.
    1. The amino acids undergo deamination in liver.
    2. The amino acids are broken down into nitrogen-containing amine groups (NH$$_2$$) which can be toxic to cells by the process of deamination.
    3. The amine group produced during the deamination converts into ammonium ions and enters urea cycle.
    4. The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion.
    5. It starts with the condensation of ammonium ion with bicarbonate ion which results the formation of carbamoyl phosphate in the presence of enzyme carbamoyl phos­phate synthase.
    6. Carbamoyl phosphate combines with ornithine to form citrulline in presence of enzyme citrulline synthase or ornithine transcarbamoylase.
    7. Citrulline diffuses into the cytosol.
    8. Citrulline combines with the amino acid aspartate and argininosuccinate catalyzed by the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase.
    9. The enzyme argininosuccinase acts reversibly to cleave arginino­succinate into arginine and fumarate.
    10. Arginine is lysed into ornithine and urea under the influence of the enzyme arginase.
    11. The urea formed in liver is transported to kidney through circulation and finally gets excreted.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Kidney of Frog is
    Solution
    Opisthonephros is a type of kidney-formed from the extended mesonephros along with tubules from the posterior nephric ridge. It is functional adult kidney in most fishes and amphibians like the frog. Hence kidney in Frog is Opisthonephros.
    So, the correct answer is 'Opisithonephros'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Metanephros kidney occurs in
    Solution
    Functional kidney of amniotes (Egg is protected by amnion membrane) is Metanephros type. The metanephric kidneys are a paired compact organ whose functional units are nephrons. The nephrons filter initial urine from the blood, reabsorbing water and nutrients, and secrete wastes, producing the final urine, which is expelled. Hence Metanephros Kidney occurs in Amniotes.
    So, the correct answer is 'Amniotes'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Number of nephrons of a kidney is equal to
    Solution
    The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each nephron is divided into 4 parts, Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule), PCT, a loop of Henle and DCT. Hence the number of nephrons of a kidney is equal to the number of Bowman's capsules.
    So, the correct answer is 'Equal to the number of Bowman's capsule'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Loop of Henle is part of
    Solution
    The nephrons along with collecting ducts are called as uriniferous tubule. The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. The body of the nephron is divided into  Renal corpuscle, PCT, a loop of Henle and DCT. Hence Loop of Henle is part of 'Uriniferous tubule'.
    So, the correct answer is 'Uriniferous tubule'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Contractile vacuole is analogous to
    Solution
    The term analogous refers to having similar function and different origin. Contractile vacuoles are present in the single-celled organism like amoeba. Contractile vacuole are excretory and osmoregulatory in function. Hence both kidney and contractile vacuole are analogous as they both have a similar function i.e excretion.
    So, the correct answer is 'Kidney'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which ones are ammonotelic animals?
    Solution
    Ammonia is excretory material in amphibian tadpoles and bony fishes because ammonia is a excretory product which is a very toxic substance to tissues and extremely soluble in water. It requires large amount of water to dissolve, about 0.5 L of water is needed per 1 g of nitrogen to maintain ammonia levels in the excretory fluid below the level in body fluids to prevent toxicity. So, this mode of excretion is desirable in aquatic animals. The process of excretion of ammonia is known as ammonotelic.
    So, the correct answer is 'Bony fishes and amphibian tadpoles'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Mesonephric kidney is found in
    Solution
    The mesonephros is one of three excretory organs (pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros) that develop in vertebrates. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates like amphibians and as a temporary kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals. Hence mesonephric Kidney is found in Amphibia.
    So, the correct answer is 'Amphibia'.
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