Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 30

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 30

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Question 1
1 / -0

What is wrong about kidney

A
Peripheral cortex and central medulla

B
Blood enters glomerulus through efferent arterioles

C
Malpighian capsules occur in cortex

D
Concave part of kidney is called hilus

Solution

A.Correct option -B
B.Explanation for correct option

The arteriole which brings blood to the glomerulus is called afferent arterioles and the arteriole which takes blood away from the glomerulus is called as efferent arteriole.
The afferent arteriole forms tufts of the network in Bowman's capsule is called the glomerulus. Hence the blood enters the glomerulus through afferent arterioles.
Question 2
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Which one does not enter nephron

A
Water

B
Glucose

C
Plasma proteins

D
Urea

Solution

Proteins will be present on blood plasma , but not present on the glomerular filtrate or urine. This is because protein can not pass through the basement membrane during ultrafiltration and thus cannot form the part of filtrate.
So, the correct option is 'Plasma proteins'.
Question 3
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Part of nephron impermeable to salt is

A
Proximal convoluted tubule

B
Distal convoluted tubule

C
Descending limb of loop of Henle

D
Ascending limb of loop of Henle

Solution

The proximal portion of the loop of Henle transports the glomerular filtrate from the cortex down into the medulla. Its squamous cells are more permeable to water and less permeable to sodium and chloride ions. As a result, water tends to leave the descending limb by osmosis and enter the interstitial fluid of the medulla and from there into the venous capillary drainage and back to the systemic circulation.

So, the correct option is 'Descending limb of loop of Henle'.
Question 4
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Urine is concentrated in loop of Henle in

A
Descending limb

B
Thick ascending limb

C
Hairpin bend between descending and ascending limbs

D
Area between ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule

Solution

The flow of filtrate in the two limbs of Henle’s loop is in opposite directions and thus forms a counter current.
The flow of blood through the two limbs of vasa recta is also in a countercurrent pattern.
The proximity between the Hairpin bend between descending and ascending limbs of Henle’s loop and vasa recta, as well as the countercurrent in them, help in producing concentrated urine.
Hence urine in concentrated in the loop of Henle in Hairpin bend between descending and ascending limbs.
So, the correct answer is 'Hairpin bend between descending and ascending limbs'.
Question 5
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Excretory product of mammals is generally

A
Uric acid

B
Urea

C
Ammonia

D
All the above

Solution

Excretory product of mammals is generally urea. Urea is less toxic than ammonia so it can be stored in the body for longer duration. The extra proteins in the body are degraded by the process of deamination where the NH$$_2$$ group is removed and it is converted into ammonium ions in the liver. The ammonium ions enter urea cycle and get converted into urea. The urea formed in liver is transported to kidney through circulation and finally gets excreted. It also excretes the uric acid but in minimal quantity. So, the correct answer is 'Urea'.
Question 6
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Loop of Henle is connected with

A
Dilution of urine

B
Removal of water

C
Counter current multiplier system

D
Remove salt

Solution

Loop of Henle:- The Loop of Henle (LoH) is a long, straight, tubular segment connecting the proximal tubule to the distal convoluted tubule and lies parallel to the collecting ducts. The LoH descends from the cortex or medulla (depending on the size/length of the nephron) into the papilla of the kidney.
So, the correct option is 'Counter current multiplier system'.
Question 7
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Urea is produced in mammals from

A
Ammonia released by oxidative deamination

B
Oxidative deamination of purines

C
Breakdown of ornithine

D
Breakdown of arginine

Solution

In the fourth or in the final step of urea cycle, arginine is cleaved by arginase to form urea and ornithine. The ornithine is then transported back to the mitochondria to begin the urea cycle again.
So, the correct option is 'Breakdown of arginine'.
Question 8
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Which is not a ketone body?

A
Succinic acid

B
Acetone

C
Acetoacetic acid

D
p-hydroxybutyric acid

Solution

Chemicals that the body makes when there is not enough insulin in the blood and it must break down fat instead of the sugar glucose for energy. The ketone bodies -- acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate -- are toxic acidic chemicals. They build up in the blood and then spill over into the urine. The body can also rid itself of acetone through the lungs. This gives the breath a fruity odor.
So, the correct option is 'Succinic acid'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Main function of glomerulus is

A
Reabsorption of water

B
Filtration of urine

C
Reabsorption of $$Na^+$$

D
Concentration of urine

Solution

The glomerulus is nothing but a capillary arrangement whose entry point is the afferent arteriole and the exit is the efferent arteriolar. Blood flowing inside the capillaries of the glomerulus is filtered into the conical part of Bowman's capsule. Therefore, the main function of glomerulus is to carry the blood to the basolateral side of the Bowman's capsule so that it gets filtered through multiple barriers to form the glomerulus filtrate which ultimately forms the Urine.
So, the correct option is 'Filtration of urine'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Most abundant, harmful and universal waste product of metabolism is

A
Uric acid

B
$$H_20$$

C
$$CO_2$$

D
None of the above

Solution

The end products of aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates are carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide remains dissolved in the blood and is carried by the veins to the lungs for oxygenation. If carbon dioxide is not removed from the metabolizing tissues, it will be toxic for that tissue and stop metabolism.
So, the correct option is 'Carbon dioxide'.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 30

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 30

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Peripheral cortex and central medulla

Blood enters glomerulus through efferent arterioles

Malpighian capsules occur in cortex

Concave part of kidney is called hilus

Solution

Question 2

Water

Glucose

Plasma proteins

Urea

Solution

Question 3

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Descending limb of loop of Henle

Ascending limb of loop of Henle

Solution

Question 4

Descending limb

Thick ascending limb

Hairpin bend between descending and ascending limbs

Area between ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule

Solution

Question 5

Uric acid

Urea

Ammonia

All the above

Solution

Question 6

Dilution of urine

Removal of water

Counter current multiplier system

Remove salt

Solution

Question 7

Ammonia released by oxidative deamination

Oxidative deamination of purines

Breakdown of ornithine

Breakdown of arginine

Solution

Question 8

Succinic acid

Acetone

Acetoacetic acid

p-hydroxybutyric acid

Solution

Question 9

Reabsorption of water

Filtration of urine

Reabsorption of $$Na^+$$

Concentration of urine

Solution

Question 10

Uric acid

$$H_20$$

$$CO_2$$

None of the above

Solution

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